Large Language Models for Forecasting of Electricity Price Spikes

📄 arXiv: 2611.04354v1 📥 PDF

作者: Liang Lin, Jianguo Zhu, Gang Lei, Allen Wang, Xin Lu

分类: eess.SY, cs.AI

发布日期: 2026-11-03

备注: 31 pages, 7 figures


💡 一句话要点

利用大语言模型提升电价波动预测的准确性

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 电价预测 大型语言模型 短期预测 市场通知 梯度提升模型

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有电价预测方法在短期内的准确性不足,尤其是在电价波动剧烈时。
  2. 本文提出利用大型语言模型提取市场通知特征,以改善电价波动的预测能力。
  3. 实验结果显示,LLM特征在24小时预测中有所提升,但在60分钟预测中未能显著改善性能。

📝 摘要(中文)

本文研究了大型语言模型(LLM)在短期电价波动预测中的应用,特别是在澳大利亚国家电力市场的五个区域。研究发现,虽然LLM提取的特征在24小时预测中有所改善,但在60分钟预测中未能显著降低Brier评分。实验结果表明,基于规则的特征与LLM特征在效果上相似,且无法明确归因于通知内容。整体而言,LLM特征的有效性尚未得到确立,尤其是在60分钟的预测中。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决短期电价波动预测的准确性问题,现有方法在面对市场通知时效果不佳,尤其是在60分钟的预测中。

核心思路:通过利用大型语言模型提取市场通知中的特征,以期提高电价波动的预测能力,尤其是在短期内。

技术框架:研究采用了一个局部的LLM模型来提取通知特征,结合梯度提升模型生成电价波动的发生概率。实验分为开发阶段和回测阶段,重点分析了不同时间窗口下的预测效果。

关键创新:本研究的创新在于首次将LLM应用于电价波动的短期预测,探索了通知内容对预测结果的影响,并对比了基于规则的特征与LLM特征的效果。

关键设计:在实验中,使用了局部冻结协议进行数据处理,确保了特征提取的有效性。同时,采用了Brier评分作为评估指标,分析了不同时间窗口下的预测准确性。实验还考虑了重校准的影响。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,在24小时的预测中,LLM特征相较于文本无关的控制组有0.37%的提升,但在60分钟的预测中未能显著降低Brier评分(-0.09%)。整体上,LLM特征的有效性尚未得到确立,尤其是在短期预测中。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用场景包括电力市场的实时监控与决策支持,能够帮助市场参与者更好地预测电价波动,从而优化交易策略和风险管理。此外,研究成果也可能为其他领域的短期预测提供借鉴,推动相关技术的发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

Can market notices read by a large language model (LLM) improve short-horizon electricity price spike forecasts? We study five regions of Australia's National Electricity Market. A local LLM extracted features once per notice, only notices visible at the forecast origin were used, and a gradient-boosting model produced onset probabilities. In an out-of-sample development back-test (July 2022 to July 2024), notice features did not lower the 60-minute Brier score of a numeric model including the market operator's next-hour forecasts. At 24 hours they did, but rule-based features did so almost equally and attribution to notice content was not established. A locally frozen protocol, not publicly deposited, governed a retrospective single-use holdout from 15 August to 17 October 2026. At 60 minutes, the hypothesis that LLM features lower the numeric model's Brier score was not established (H1; relative Brier skill -0.09%), so the planned comparison with rule-based features was not tested (H2). At 24 hours, the hypothesis that LLM features lower the score against a text-free control was not established (H3; +0.37%, 95% CI [-9.74, 1.39], inconclusive). By the frozen wording rule the non-significant 24-hour improvement comes mainly from recalibration and cannot be attributed to notice content, although post hoc the decomposition could not separate recalibration from resolution. The 24-hour base rate was 1.56% on the holdout against 14.0% in development. With 5 onsets on 3 days and 24-hour positives in 2 of 22 three-day blocks, the holdout neither established nor excluded a 24-hour effect.