Retrofitting centralized air compressor stations with end-use-aware predictive set-pressure control using a physics-constrained pressure-drop model

📄 arXiv: 2610.36678v1 📥 PDF

作者: Taito Watanabe, Yohei Kono, Akira Iyozumi, Takashi Nakajima

分类: eess.SY

发布日期: 2026-10-27

备注: 31 pages, 17 figures


💡 一句话要点

提出基于物理约束压力降模型的预测设定压力控制以优化压缩空气系统

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)

关键词: 压缩空气系统 模型预测控制 能效优化 物理约束模型 动态调整

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有压缩空气系统通常以高于需求的恒定压力运行,导致能量浪费和效率低下。
  2. 本文提出了一种基于物理约束的低阶压力降模型的NMPC方案,能够动态调整设定压力以适应实际需求。
  3. 实验结果表明,NMPC在实际应用中能有效降低能耗,相较于传统PID控制,性能提升显著。

📝 摘要(中文)

压缩空气系统通常以高于实际需求的恒定设定压力运行,造成能量浪费。本文提出了一种轻量级的分层非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)方案,适用于中小型工厂的集中式压缩机站。该方案通过仅使用两个压力计和压缩机数据,预测终端使用点的压力,并在满足需求的前提下降低设定压力。经过三阶段验证,NMPC在实际需求下满足所需压力,相较于当前的恒定操作,年能耗减少2.8%。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决压缩空气系统中设定压力过高导致的能量浪费问题。现有方法如PID控制在动态调整压力方面存在局限,难以适应实际需求变化。

核心思路:提出了一种轻量级的NMPC方案,通过物理约束的压力降模型,利用少量传感器数据动态预测和调整设定压力,以降低能耗。

技术框架:该方法包括三个主要模块:压力预测模块、控制决策模块和反馈调整模块。压力预测模块基于历史数据和物理模型进行压力降预测,控制决策模块根据预测结果调整设定压力,反馈调整模块则实时监测并修正控制策略。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于引入了物理约束的压力降模型,使得NMPC能够在不依赖流量计或管道调查的情况下,准确预测终端使用点的压力。这一设计显著提高了控制的灵活性和适应性。

关键设计:该方案使用两个压力计(接收器和一个关键终端使用点),并通过最小二乘法识别低阶压力降模型。控制器在设计时考虑了稳定性、阻尼和稳态平衡约束,确保在动态环境中保持性能。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,NMPC在实际需求下能够有效满足设定压力,相较于传统的恒定操作,年能耗减少2.8%。与PID控制相比,NMPC在无需额外调试的情况下,保持了优异的性能,显示出其在动态环境中的适应能力。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括制造业、建筑行业及其他依赖压缩空气的工业流程。通过优化压缩空气系统的能效,企业能够显著降低运营成本,提升整体生产效率,具有重要的经济和环境价值。

📄 摘要(原文)

Compressed air systems usually run at a constant set pressure well above the end-use requirement; the excess margin is wasted energy. A lightweight hierarchical nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme, retrofitted to the sequencing controller of a centralized compressor station typical of small and medium-sized plants, lowers the set pressure as far as the end-use requirement allows. It uses only two pressure gauges (receiver and one critical end-use point) and compressor data, without flow meters or piping surveys. The end-use pressure is predicted by a low-order pressure-drop model identified by least squares under stability, damping and steady-state equilibrium constraints, which serve use rather than accuracy: they let the measured pressure drop be held over the horizon with unit gain. Validated in three stages (plant data, a pipe-network simulator checked against measurements, and the actual controller, at most 1.41 s per update), the NMPC meets the required pressure under real demand and reduces the estimated annual energy consumption by 2.8 % relative to the current constant operation (9.3 % relative to 0.70 MPa). A PID cascade with the same gauge saves about as much only when tuned by a standard rule at its recommended setting from a constant-load step test, difficult in an operating plant; the NMPC needs no such test and keeps its performance with its initial model and default weights after plant expansion and network split. The margin becomes a design parameter instead of a fixed excess, and the controller's signals show where the supply system lacks headroom.