Emission-Forecasting-Based Spatial-Temporal Carbon Response: A Multi-Agent Attention-Enhanced Deep Learning Framework
作者: Feiyu Cai, Jing Qiu, Yi Yang, Chenxi Zhang, Xinlei Wang, Baichuan Liu, Junhua Zhao
分类: eess.SY
发布日期: 2026-07-29
备注: 31 pages, 11 figures
💡 一句话要点
提出基于排放预测的时空碳响应框架以解决低碳调度延迟问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 碳排放 深度学习 多智能体系统 时空调度 可再生能源 智能电网 预测模型
📋 核心要点
- 现有的碳强度计算方法依赖于事后分析,导致低碳调度存在显著延迟,影响了电力系统的响应效率。
- 本文提出了一种基于深度学习的前瞻性时空碳响应框架,利用双阶段注意力机制和多智能体合作系统来提高NCI的预测准确性。
- 在IEEE 33-bus系统的模拟测试中,所提框架在减少调度延迟的情况下,实现了超过30%的排放减少,显示出显著的效果提升。
📝 摘要(中文)
随着碳排放问题的日益严重,电力系统的脱碳引起了广泛关注。节点碳强度(NCI)作为碳导向需求响应的关键因素,传统上通过事后计算确定,这种方法导致低碳调度的延迟。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种前瞻性的时空碳响应框架,核心是开发了一种基于深度学习的分层设计,增强了双阶段注意力机制和基于大型语言模型的多智能体协作系统,以准确预测未来一天的NCI。该框架有效缓解了可再生能源的不确定性,提高了预测的韧性,并通过整合地理可调度负荷(GDLs)提出了时空碳调度模型。模拟结果表明,在减少一小时碳调度延迟的情况下,所提模型可实现超过30%的排放减少。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决传统碳强度计算方法的延迟问题,现有方法依赖于事后计算,无法及时响应碳强度的变化,影响低碳调度的效率。
核心思路:提出了一种前瞻性的时空碳响应框架,核心在于利用深度学习技术和多智能体系统,提前预测节点碳强度,从而实现快速响应。
技术框架:整体架构包括数据采集模块、深度学习预测模块和调度决策模块。数据采集模块负责收集历史和实时数据,预测模块利用双阶段注意力机制进行NCI预测,调度模块则根据预测结果进行负荷调度。
关键创新:最重要的创新点在于结合了双阶段注意力机制和大型语言模型的多智能体协作,显著提高了预测的准确性和系统的响应速度,与传统的被动计算方法形成鲜明对比。
关键设计:在网络结构上,采用了多层卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短期记忆网络(LSTM)的组合,损失函数设计为均方误差(MSE),以优化预测精度。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
在实验中,所提框架在减少一小时碳调度延迟的情况下,实现了超过30%的排放减少,显著优于传统方法。这一结果表明,前瞻性调度策略能够有效提升电力系统的环境效益。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括电力系统调度、可再生能源管理和智能电网优化。通过提前预测碳强度,该框架能够帮助电力公司更有效地管理负荷,降低排放,支持可持续发展目标,推动清洁能源的转型。
📄 摘要(原文)
As a major contributor to carbon emissions, the decarbonization of power systems has garnered significant societal attention. Nodal carbon intensity (NCI), a critical factor in carbon-oriented demand response, has traditionally been determined through ex-post calculations. However, this ex-post approach introduces latency in low-carbon dispatch. To address this, this paper presents a proactive ex-ante spatial-temporal carbon response framework. At its core, we develop a novel deep learning-based hierarchical design, enhanced by a dual-stage attention mechanism and a large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent cooperation system, to accurately forecast day-ahead NCI. This design effectively mitigates the impact of renewable energy uncertainty and enhances predictive resilience. On the demand side, the framework proposes a spatial-temporal carbon scheduling model that integrates geographically dispatchable loads (GDLs), including mobile energy storage systems (MESSs) and distributed data centers (DDCs). Leveraging high-accuracy day-ahead NCI predictions, the framework can effectively reduce system emissions by quickly responding to carbon intensity fluctuations. The proposed framework is tested on the modified IEEE 33-bus system. According to the simulation results, the impacts of proposed framework on dispatching latency and emission outcomes are analyzed. The results demonstrate that under a one-hour reduction in carbon scheduling latency, the proposed model and methodology can achieve over 30% emission reduction. This research breaks through the limitations of passive carbon accounting, advancing toward proactive carbon management. It offers an intelligent solution that accelerates the transition to cleaner power systems while directly supporting sustainable production goals.