Scalable Fairness Shaping with LLM-Guided Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Peer-to-Peer Electricity Markets
作者: Shrenik Jadhav, Birva Sevak, Srijita Das, Akhtar Hussain, Wencong Su, Van-Hai Bui
分类: eess.SY, cs.LG
发布日期: 2025-08-26
💡 一句话要点
提出公平性导向的多智能体强化学习框架以解决P2P电力市场问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 点对点电力交易 多智能体强化学习 公平性导向 大型语言模型 电力市场 经济效率 社会公平
📋 核心要点
- 现有的P2P电力市场设计多侧重于效率和私利,缺乏公平性保障,导致不平等的交易结果。
- 本文提出FairMarket-RL框架,利用LLM对竞标策略进行指导,确保在不确定性下实现公平性与经济激励的平衡。
- 实验表明,该框架在不同规模的社区中有效促进本地交易,降低成本,并保持较高的公平性和公用事业的可持续性。
📝 摘要(中文)
随着屋顶光伏和家庭能源管理系统的普及,点对点(P2P)能源交易在现代配电系统中变得至关重要。然而,现有市场和强化学习设计往往侧重于效率或私利,缺乏实时指导以确保在不确定性下的公平结果。为此,本文提出了一种公平性意识的多智能体强化学习框架FairMarket-RL,该框架利用大型语言模型(LLM)来塑造竞标策略,并在部分可观测性和离散价格-数量动作下进行连续双重拍卖。LLM在每个交易时段后返回归一化的公平性评分,集成到奖励中,以确保公平性指导与经济激励相辅相成。实验结果表明,该框架能够促进本地P2P交易,降低消费者成本,维持参与者之间的强公平性,并保持公用事业的可行性。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有P2P电力市场中公平性不足的问题。现有方法往往只关注效率和私利,缺乏对公平交易的实时指导,导致参与者之间的利益不均衡。
核心思路:提出FairMarket-RL框架,通过大型语言模型(LLM)来塑造竞标策略,确保公平性评分与经济激励相辅相成,从而在不确定性环境中实现公平交易。
技术框架:该框架包括多个模块:首先,LLM根据交易情况生成公平性评分;其次,这些评分被集成到强化学习的奖励机制中;最后,模型在模拟的住宅负载和光伏配置下进行训练和评估。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于将LLM引入多智能体强化学习框架中,使得公平性指导能够动态调整,避免了传统方法中公平性与效率之间的矛盾。
关键设计:设计中采用了归一化的公平性评分(FTG、FBS、FPP),并通过可调系数和缩放因子将其融入奖励机制。此外,环境模型考虑了实际的住宅负载和光伏配置,并对价格和政策更新稳定性施加了硬约束。
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,FairMarket-RL框架在小规模试点和大型模拟社区中有效促进了本地P2P交易,相较于仅依赖电网的采购,消费者成本显著降低,同时参与者之间的公平性得到了强有力的保障,确保了公用事业的可持续性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能电网、分布式能源管理和可再生能源交易平台。通过实现公平性与经济效率的平衡,FairMarket-RL框架为未来的去中心化电力市场提供了一条可扩展的路径,促进了社会公平和技术可行性。
📄 摘要(原文)
Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is becoming central to modern distribution systems as rooftop PV and home energy management systems become pervasive, yet most existing market and reinforcement learning designs emphasize efficiency or private profit and offer little real-time guidance to ensure equitable outcomes under uncertainty. To address this gap, a fairness-aware multiagent reinforcement learning framework, FairMarket-RL, is proposed in which a large language model (LLM) critic shapes bidding policies within a continuous double auction under partial observability and discrete price-quantity actions. After each trading slot, the LLM returns normalized fairness scores Fairness-to-Grid (FTG), Fairness-Between-Sellers (FBS), and Fairness-of-Pricing (FPP) that are integrated into the reward via ramped coefficients and tunable scaling, so that fairness guidance complements, rather than overwhelms, economic incentives. The environment models realistic residential load and PV profiles and enforce hard constraints on prices, physical feasibility, and policy-update stability. Across a progression of experiments from a small pilot to a larger simulated community and a mixed-asset real-world dataset, the framework shifts exchanges toward local P2P trades, lowers consumer costs relative to grid-only procurement, sustains strong fairness across participants, and preserves utility viability. Sensitivity analyses over solar availability and aggregate demand further indicate robust performance, suggesting a scalable, LLM-guided pathway to decentralized electricity markets that are economically efficient, socially equitable, and technically sound.