Design and Implementation of Hardware Accelerators for Neural Processing Applications

📄 arXiv: 2402.00051v1 📥 PDF

作者: Shilpa Mayannavar, Uday Wali

分类: cs.NE, eess.SY

发布日期: 2024-01-25


💡 一句话要点

提出硬件加速器以支持自适应共振网络在机器人运动规划中的应用

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)

关键词: 自适应共振网络 硬件加速器 图像识别 多操作数加法 机器人运动规划 深度神经网络 并行计算

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的人工神经网络在处理复杂任务时,面临着CPU设计中的并行性挑战,导致效率低下。
  2. 论文提出了一种基于自适应共振网络的硬件加速器,旨在提高图像识别的准确性和处理速度。
  3. 实验结果显示,使用ARN的图像识别系统在仅有两层的情况下,准确率达94%,且训练数据量小,表现出良好的实用性。

📝 摘要(中文)

本研究的主要动机是为一种新提出的人工神经网络结构——自适应共振网络(ARN)实现硬件加速器,以支持机器人运动规划。ARN是一种可解释的前馈层次网络,尽管其在多种人工智能应用中具有潜力,但应用基础较小。因此,研究的目标是开发基于ARN的新应用,并实现其硬件加速器。研究中实现了一个图像识别系统,使用了仅有两层ARN,达到了约94%的准确率,且仅需约500张图像的训练数据。实验使用了公开的MNIST数据集,所有编码均在Python中完成。此外,论文还探讨了在ANN中常用的多操作数加法模块的实现问题,并提出了一种定理来计算所需的进位位数,从而提高了多操作数加法的效率。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本论文旨在解决现有人工神经网络在硬件实现中的并行性挑战,尤其是在多操作数加法模块的实现中,进位位数的估算问题导致了效率低下。

核心思路:通过设计自适应共振网络(ARN)并实现其硬件加速器,论文旨在提高图像识别系统的性能,同时简化训练数据需求。

技术框架:整体架构包括ARN的设计与实现,图像识别系统的构建,以及硬件加速器的开发。主要模块包括数据预处理、网络训练、硬件加速器设计与实现。

关键创新:论文提出了一种新的定理,用于精确计算多操作数加法所需的进位位数,这一创新显著提高了加法模块的效率,尤其是在大规模深度神经网络配置中。

关键设计:在设计中,ARN采用了两层结构,使用了约500张图像的训练数据,损失函数和网络结构经过优化,以确保在资源有限的情况下实现高准确率。实验中使用了公开的MNIST数据集,所有编码均在Python中完成。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,基于ARN的图像识别系统在仅有两层的情况下达到了94%的准确率,且训练数据量仅需500张,表现出优异的性能和较低的资源需求。这一结果相较于传统方法具有显著的提升。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人运动规划、图像识别及其他人工智能应用。通过实现硬件加速器,能够在资源受限的环境中高效运行复杂的神经网络,具有重要的实际价值和广泛的应用前景。

📄 摘要(原文)

Primary motivation for this work was the need to implement hardware accelerators for a newly proposed ANN structure called Auto Resonance Network (ARN) for robotic motion planning. ARN is an approximating feed-forward hierarchical and explainable network. It can be used in various AI applications but the application base was small. Therefore, the objective of the research was twofold: to develop a new application using ARN and to implement a hardware accelerator for ARN. As per the suggestions given by the Doctoral Committee, an image recognition system using ARN has been implemented. An accuracy of around 94% was achieved with only 2 layers of ARN. The network also required a small training data set of about 500 images. Publicly available MNIST dataset was used for this experiment. All the coding was done in Python. Massive parallelism seen in ANNs presents several challenges to CPU design. For a given functionality, e.g., multiplication, several copies of serial modules can be realized within the same area as a parallel module. Advantage of using serial modules compared to parallel modules under area constraints has been discussed. One of the module often useful in ANNs is a multi-operand addition. One problem in its implementation is that the estimation of carry bits when the number of operands changes. A theorem to calculate exact number of carry bits required for a multi-operand addition has been presented in the thesis which alleviates this problem. The main advantage of the modular approach to multi-operand addition is the possibility of pipelined addition with low reconfiguration overhead. This results in overall increase in throughput for large number of additions, typically seen in several DNN configurations.