Legible Shared Autonomy: Implicit Communication of Robot Belief through Motion

📄 arXiv: 2606.29846v1 📥 PDF

作者: Jinwei Liu, Pengfei Li, Shaofeng Chen, Tao Wang, Yun-Bo Zhao

分类: cs.RO, cs.HC

发布日期: 2026-06-29

备注: Accepted at IROS 2026


💡 一句话要点

提出可读性共享自主控制以解决用户目标理解问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)

关键词: 共享自主 可读性运动 人机协作 机器人信念 用户理解 运动辅助 康复机器人

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有共享自主系统在多目标情况下,机器人辅助动作模糊,用户无法感知机器人的理解,导致控制效率低下。
  2. 本文提出可读性运动,使机器人在执行任务时不仅朝向目标前进,还能清晰传达其推断的目标,增强用户理解。
  3. 实验结果表明,相较于标准共享自主,可读性共享自主显著提高了用户对机器人信念的理解,减少了控制努力。

📝 摘要(中文)

共享自主系统结合用户输入与自主辅助,帮助运动障碍用户控制机器人手臂进行日常操作。然而,机器人对用户目标的内部信念无法被用户观察到,传统方法在多目标情况下的辅助动作模糊,导致用户无法感知机器人的理解。为此,本文引入可读性运动,使机器人动作不仅朝向目标前进,还能清晰揭示推断的目标,增强用户对机器人信念的理解。用户研究表明,可读性共享自主显著提高了用户对机器人信念的理解,并减少了用户的控制努力。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决传统共享自主系统中,用户无法感知机器人对其目标理解的问题。现有方法在多目标情况下的辅助动作模糊,导致用户控制效率低下,且在机器人误解意图时,用户难以及时发现错误。

核心思路:论文提出可读性运动的概念,要求机器人在执行任务时,不仅要朝向目标前进,还要通过动作清晰传达其推断的目标,从而增强用户对机器人信念的理解。

技术框架:整体架构包括用户输入、机器人信念推断、可读性运动生成和用户反馈四个主要模块。机器人根据用户输入和自身信念生成可读性动作,并根据用户反馈进行调整。

关键创新:最重要的技术创新在于引入了可读性运动,使机器人在执行任务时能够明确传达其推断的目标。这一设计与传统方法的本质区别在于,传统方法仅关注效率,而忽视了用户对机器人信念的理解。

关键设计:在参数设置上,机器人根据信心水平调整辅助动作的可读性。当机器人对目标信心较高时,提供明确的辅助动作;而在不确定时,则增加用户的控制权,促进双向协作。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,相较于标准共享自主系统,可读性共享自主在用户对机器人信念的理解上提高了显著性,用户控制努力减少了约30%。这一提升表明可读性运动在实际应用中的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括医疗康复、老年人辅助生活和人机协作等场景。通过增强用户对机器人信念的理解,可以提高机器人在复杂环境中的操作效率,提升用户体验,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

Shared autonomy systems combine user input with autonomous assistance to help users with motor impairments control robot arms to perform everyday manipulation tasks, by inferring user goals and providing appropriate guidance. However, the robot's internal beliefs about user goals cannot be observed by users. Traditional shared autonomy systems provide assistance along efficient shortest paths toward inferred goals, but when multiple objects lie in similar directions, such assistive motion remains ambiguous and fails to reveal the specific goal identified by the robot. This creates two critical problems. First, when the robot correctly infers the goal, users continue controlling because they cannot perceive understanding from ambiguous assistive motion, wasting effort when autonomous completion would suffice. Second, when the robot misunderstands intent, users cannot quickly detect errors until assistive motion diverges significantly, requiring substantial corrective input. We address this by introducing legible motion into shared autonomy, where robot actions must both advance toward the goal and clearly reveal which goal has been inferred, enabling users to understand the robot's beliefs and adjust control accordingly. The robot modulates communication strength through confidence-aware adaptive authority allocation by providing assertive legible assistive actions when confident while increasing user authority when uncertain, transforming shared autonomy into transparent bidirectional collaboration. User studies including simulation and physical experiments with a six-degree-of-freedom robot arm demonstrate that legible shared autonomy significantly improves users' understanding of robot beliefs and reduces user control effort compared to standard shared autonomy.