Bidirectional Tutoring for Developmental Motor Learning in Robots: Co-Developed Interaction Dynamics Support Stable Learning
作者: Rui Fukushima, Jun Tani
分类: cs.RO, cs.AI
发布日期: 2026-06-18
备注: 16 pages, 14 figures
💡 一句话要点
提出双向辅导以解决机器人运动技能学习的稳定性问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)
关键词: 双向辅导 机器人学习 运动技能 人机互动 神经网络 生成重放 行为一致性 泛化能力
📋 核心要点
- 现有的机器人运动技能学习方法通常是单向的,忽视了社交互动的双向性,导致学习效果不稳定。
- 本文提出双向辅导的概念,强调机器人与辅导者之间的动态适应关系,以促进一致的行为模式形成。
- 实验结果显示,双向辅导能够提高机器人的行为一致性和泛化能力,且机器人对辅导的依赖性逐渐降低。
📝 摘要(中文)
婴儿通过与照顾者的密切互动发展运动技能,而机器人运动技能学习通常被视为单向过程,忽视了社交互动的双向特性。本文提出双向辅导的假设,认为这种互动能够利用机器人过去的经验作为约束,形成一致的行为模式,支持更好的泛化能力。通过对物理人形机器人进行的两项实验,结果表明双向辅导能够促进一致性行为和阶段性泛化,同时机器人逐渐减少对辅导的依赖。这表明双向辅导作为一种具身和社会基础的方法,为机器人运动技能的开发提供了有效的支撑。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决机器人运动技能学习中的单向辅导问题,现有方法未能充分利用社交互动的双向特性,导致学习过程中的不一致性和泛化能力不足。
核心思路:提出双向辅导的框架,强调机器人与辅导者之间的互动动态,利用机器人过去的经验作为约束,促进一致的行为模式形成。
技术框架:研究采用基于自由能原理的神经网络,结合生成重放机制,支持从单次辅导情境中进行稳定的序列学习。主要模块包括环境感知、行为生成和反馈调整。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于引入双向辅导机制,使得机器人能够在与辅导者的互动中动态调整学习策略,与传统的单向辅导方法形成鲜明对比。
关键设计:在网络结构上,采用了生成重放机制以增强学习的稳定性,损失函数设计考虑了行为一致性和泛化能力的平衡,确保机器人在学习过程中逐步减少对辅导的依赖。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,双向辅导显著提高了机器人的行为一致性和阶段性泛化能力。与单向辅导相比,机器人在双向辅导下的学习过程更加稳定,逐渐减少了对辅导者的依赖,显示出更强的自主学习能力。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括教育机器人、辅助性机器人和人机协作系统等。通过实现更稳定的运动技能学习,机器人能够更有效地与人类进行互动,提升其在实际环境中的适应能力和工作效率,未来可能在医疗、家庭和工业等多个领域产生深远影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Infants are well known to develop their motor skills through dense interaction with caregivers. Although such social interaction is crucial for human development, motor-skill learning in robots is often treated as a unidirectional process in which robots passively receive demonstrations from tutors. This overlooks a key property of social interaction: it is inherently bidirectional, with tutor and learner dynamically adapting to each other. In such interactions, the robot's past experiences may function as prior constraints that shape the dynamics of their co-developed trajectories. We hypothesize that bidirectional tutoring allows such constraints to guide the formation of consistent behavioral patterns that preserve behavioral coherence and support generalization, whereas unidirectional interaction lacks such constraints and leads to broader, less consistent behavioral patterns. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted two experiments with a physical humanoid robot performing an object manipulation task: one involving human-robot interaction and another employing an AI tutor interacting with the real robot through an adaptive intervention mechanism designed to examine whether similar effects would emerge under more controlled conditions. We implement the developmental learning framework using a free-energy-principle-based neural network extended with generative replay, which supports stable sequence-by-sequence learning from single tutored episodes. Across both settings, bidirectional tutoring fostered consistent behaviors and stage-wise generalization, while the robot gradually required less tutor guidance. These results suggest that bidirectional tutoring, as an embodied and socially grounded approach, provides an effective scaffold for developmental motor learning in robots.