SafeMimic: Towards Safe and Autonomous Human-to-Robot Imitation for Mobile Manipulation

📄 arXiv: 2506.15847v1 📥 PDF

作者: Arpit Bahety, Arnav Balaji, Ben Abbatematteo, Roberto Martín-Martín

分类: cs.RO, cs.AI

发布日期: 2025-06-18


💡 一句话要点

提出SafeMimic以解决机器人模仿人类操作的安全性问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control) 支柱六:视频提取与匹配 (Video Extraction) 支柱七:动作重定向 (Motion Retargeting)

关键词: 移动操作 模仿学习 安全性 自主学习 机器人技术 视频解析 人机协作

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有方法在从单个视频学习移动操作技能时,面临提取任务信息和适应机器人形态的挑战。
  2. SafeMimic框架通过解析视频、推断动作和语义变化,安全地学习新的移动操作技能。
  3. 实验结果显示,SafeMimic在不同用户和环境下的表现优于现有方法,提升了学习效率。

📝 摘要(中文)

为了使机器人能够高效地在家庭中担任助手,它们必须通过观察人类执行任务来学习新的移动操作技能。通过单个视频演示进行学习面临挑战,机器人需要提取出任务内容和执行方式,并将其从第三人称视角转化为第一人称视角,同时适应自身的形态。为减少对昂贵人类监控的依赖,学习过程应以安全和自主的方式进行。本文提出了SafeMimic框架,能够从单个第三人称人类视频中安全自主地学习新的移动操作技能。SafeMimic首先解析视频,将其分段,推断出语义变化和人类执行的动作,并将其转化为自我中心的参考。然后,通过围绕人类动作采样候选动作并在执行前验证其安全性,适应机器人的形态。实验表明,该方法在七个任务上超越了现有基线,能够安全高效地学习多步骤移动操作行为。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决机器人从单个视频学习移动操作技能时的安全性和自主性问题。现有方法往往依赖于人类监控,且难以适应机器人的形态。

核心思路:SafeMimic通过解析第三人称视频,提取人类的动作和语义变化,并将其转化为适合机器人的自我中心视角,从而实现安全自主学习。

技术框架:SafeMimic的整体架构包括视频解析、动作推断、候选动作采样和安全验证等模块。首先解析视频并分段,然后推断出人类的动作和语义变化,接着生成候选动作并进行安全性验证。

关键创新:SafeMimic的主要创新在于使用了安全Q函数集来验证动作的安全性,并在前进不安全时回溯到先前状态,尝试不同的动作序列。这一方法显著提高了学习的安全性和效率。

关键设计:在设计中,SafeMimic采用了基于仿真的安全Q函数训练,确保在执行前对每个候选动作进行安全性评估。此外,系统能够根据机器人的形态调整抓取模式和轨迹。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,SafeMimic在七个不同任务上均超越了现有的最先进基线,展示了其在安全性和学习效率上的显著提升。具体而言,机器人能够从单个视频演示中成功学习多步骤操作,减少了未来尝试中的探索需求。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括家庭服务机器人、医疗辅助机器人和工业自动化等。通过安全自主地学习新技能,机器人能够更好地适应复杂的环境和任务,提高工作效率和安全性,未来可能在智能家居和人机协作中发挥重要作用。

📄 摘要(原文)

For robots to become efficient helpers in the home, they must learn to perform new mobile manipulation tasks simply by watching humans perform them. Learning from a single video demonstration from a human is challenging as the robot needs to first extract from the demo what needs to be done and how, translate the strategy from a third to a first-person perspective, and then adapt it to be successful with its own morphology. Furthermore, to mitigate the dependency on costly human monitoring, this learning process should be performed in a safe and autonomous manner. We present SafeMimic, a framework to learn new mobile manipulation skills safely and autonomously from a single third-person human video. Given an initial human video demonstration of a multi-step mobile manipulation task, SafeMimic first parses the video into segments, inferring both the semantic changes caused and the motions the human executed to achieve them and translating them to an egocentric reference. Then, it adapts the behavior to the robot's own morphology by sampling candidate actions around the human ones, and verifying them for safety before execution in a receding horizon fashion using an ensemble of safety Q-functions trained in simulation. When safe forward progression is not possible, SafeMimic backtracks to previous states and attempts a different sequence of actions, adapting both the trajectory and the grasping modes when required for its morphology. As a result, SafeMimic yields a strategy that succeeds in the demonstrated behavior and learns task-specific actions that reduce exploration in future attempts. Our experiments show that our method allows robots to safely and efficiently learn multi-step mobile manipulation behaviors from a single human demonstration, from different users, and in different environments, with improvements over state-of-the-art baselines across seven tasks