PhyBlock: A Progressive Benchmark for Physical Understanding and Planning via 3D Block Assembly
作者: Liang Ma, Jiajun Wen, Min Lin, Rongtao Xu, Xiwen Liang, Bingqian Lin, Jun Ma, Yongxin Wang, Ziming Wei, Haokun Lin, Mingfei Han, Meng Cao, Bokui Chen, Ivan Laptev, Xiaodan Liang
分类: cs.RO, cs.AI, cs.CV
发布日期: 2025-06-10 (更新: 2025-11-21)
💡 一句话要点
提出PhyBlock以解决视觉语言模型在物理理解与规划中的不足问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱三:空间感知与语义 (Perception & Semantics) 支柱七:动作重定向 (Motion Retargeting) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 视觉语言模型 物理理解 空间推理 机器人 多步规划 视觉问答 3D环境
📋 核心要点
- 现有视觉语言模型在高层次规划和推理能力上表现出明显的局限,尤其在复杂任务中性能显著下降。
- PhyBlock通过设计四级认知层次的组装任务和视觉问答样本,提供了一种新的评估方法,旨在提升物理理解和规划能力。
- 实验结果显示,21个最先进的VLMs在物理基础的多步规划中表现不佳,尤其在空间定向和依赖推理方面存在持续困难。
📝 摘要(中文)
尽管视觉语言模型(VLMs)在具身智能体的推理和规划方面表现出色,但在理解物理现象,尤其是在结构化的3D环境中,仍存在显著局限。为此,本文提出了PhyBlock,一个渐进式基准,旨在通过机器人3D块组装任务评估VLMs的物理理解和规划能力。PhyBlock结合了新颖的四级认知层次组装任务和针对性的视觉问答(VQA)样本,旨在评估空间推理和基本物理理解,包括物体属性、空间关系和整体场景理解。该基准包含2600个块任务,并在部分完成、失败诊断和规划鲁棒性三个关键维度上评估模型。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决视觉语言模型在物理理解和规划中的不足,尤其是在复杂的3D环境中,现有方法在高层次推理和空间关系理解上存在显著缺陷。
核心思路:PhyBlock通过引入四级认知层次的组装任务和视觉问答样本,提供了一种系统化的评估框架,旨在提升模型的空间推理和物理理解能力。
技术框架:PhyBlock的整体架构包括四个认知层次的组装任务和2200个视觉问答任务,评估模型在部分完成、失败诊断和规划鲁棒性等方面的表现。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于将物理理解与多步规划结合,通过渐进式的任务设计,系统评估模型在复杂环境中的表现,填补了现有方法的空白。
关键设计:在任务设计中,设置了不同难度的组装任务,并针对每个任务设计了特定的视觉问答样本,以确保全面评估模型的空间推理能力和物理理解。
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,21个最先进的视觉语言模型在PhyBlock基准上的表现存在显著不足,尤其在高层次规划任务中,性能下降幅度明显。错误分析显示,模型在空间定向和依赖推理方面存在持续困难,链式思维提示对性能提升的影响有限。
🎯 应用场景
PhyBlock的研究成果可广泛应用于机器人领域,特别是在需要物理交互和空间推理的任务中,如自动化组装、智能家居和增强现实等场景。通过提升模型的物理理解能力,未来可以更好地实现人与机器的协作。
📄 摘要(原文)
While vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in reasoning and planning for embodied agents, their ability to comprehend physical phenomena, particularly within structured 3D environments, remains severely limited. To close this gap, we introduce PhyBlock, a progressive benchmark designed to assess VLMs on physical understanding and planning through robotic 3D block assembly tasks. PhyBlock integrates a novel four-level cognitive hierarchy assembly task alongside targeted Visual Question Answering (VQA) samples, collectively aimed at evaluating progressive spatial reasoning and fundamental physical comprehension, including object properties, spatial relationships, and holistic scene understanding. PhyBlock includes 2600 block tasks (400 assembly tasks, 2200 VQA tasks) and evaluates models across three key dimensions: partial completion, failure diagnosis, and planning robustness. We benchmark 21 state-of-the-art VLMs, highlighting their strengths and limitations in physically grounded, multi-step planning. Our empirical findings indicate that the performance of VLMs exhibits pronounced limitations in high-level planning and reasoning capabilities, leading to a notable decline in performance for the growing complexity of the tasks. Error analysis reveals persistent difficulties in spatial orientation and dependency reasoning. Surprisingly, chain-of-thought prompting offers minimal improvements, suggesting spatial tasks heavily rely on intuitive model comprehension. We position PhyBlock as a unified testbed to advance embodied reasoning, bridging vision-language understanding and real-world physical problem-solving.