ReFineVLA: Reasoning-Aware Teacher-Guided Transfer Fine-Tuning
作者: Tuan Van Vo, Tan Quang Nguyen, Khang Minh Nguyen, Duy Ho Minh Nguyen, Minh Nhat Vu
分类: cs.RO
发布日期: 2025-05-25
备注: 10 pages
💡 一句话要点
提出ReFineVLA以解决VLA模型推理不足问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 视觉-语言-动作 推理能力 教师引导 多模态学习 机器人操作 数据增强 模型微调
📋 核心要点
- 现有VLA模型在处理复杂长时间操作任务时,缺乏显式推理能力,导致可解释性和泛化能力不足。
- 本文提出ReFineVLA框架,通过教师引导的推理增强数据集,微调VLA模型以提升其推理能力。
- 在多个操作任务中,ReFineVLA模型的表现优于现有基线,成功率平均提高5.0%,显示出显著的性能提升。
📝 摘要(中文)
视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型因其将多模态观察与语言指令转化为机器人动作的能力而受到研究界的广泛关注。然而,现有的VLA模型往往忽视了显式推理,仅学习功能性输入-动作映射,缺乏对复杂长时间操作任务的可解释性和泛化能力。为此,本文提出了ReFineVLA,一个多模态推理感知框架,通过教师引导的推理来微调VLA模型。我们首先通过专家教师模型生成推理理由,增强机器人数据集,指导VLA模型学习其动作的推理过程。然后,利用ReFineVLA对预训练的VLA进行微调,保持其固有的泛化能力并提升推理能力。实验结果表明,ReFineVLA在操作任务中超越了最先进的基线,成功率平均提高5.0%。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有VLA模型在复杂长时间操作任务中缺乏显式推理能力的问题。现有方法仅关注输入与动作之间的功能性映射,忽视了推理过程的可解释性和泛化能力。
核心思路:ReFineVLA框架通过教师引导的推理生成增强数据集,帮助VLA模型学习推理过程,从而提升其在复杂任务中的表现。该设计旨在通过引入推理步骤来增强模型的理解能力。
技术框架:ReFineVLA的整体架构包括数据增强模块、教师模型生成推理理由、VLA模型微调阶段以及注意力可视化分析。数据增强模块负责生成带有推理理由的数据集,微调阶段则使用这些数据来提升VLA模型的推理能力。
关键创新:ReFineVLA的主要创新在于引入教师引导的推理过程,使得VLA模型不仅学习输入与动作的映射,还能理解其背后的推理逻辑。这一方法与传统的VLA模型在学习方式上有本质区别。
关键设计:在模型设计中,采用了特定的损失函数来平衡推理能力与泛化能力,同时在注意力机制中引入了可视化分析,以便更好地理解模型的决策过程。
📊 实验亮点
在多个操作任务的评估中,ReFineVLA模型表现优异,特别是在SimplerEnv WidowX Robot任务中成功率平均提高5.0%,在变体聚合设置中提高8.6%,在视觉匹配设置中提高1.7%。这些结果表明ReFineVLA在提升VLA模型性能方面的有效性。
🎯 应用场景
ReFineVLA的研究成果在机器人操作、自动化控制和人机交互等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。通过提升VLA模型的推理能力,该框架能够使机器人在复杂环境中更有效地执行任务,增强其自主决策能力,未来可能推动智能机器人技术的进一步发展。
📄 摘要(原文)
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained much attention from the research community thanks to their strength in translating multimodal observations with linguistic instructions into robotic actions. Despite their recent advancements, VLAs often overlook the explicit reasoning and only learn the functional input-action mappings, omitting these crucial logical steps for interpretability and generalization for complex, long-horizon manipulation tasks. In this work, we propose \textit{ReFineVLA}, a multimodal reasoning-aware framework that fine-tunes VLAs with teacher-guided reasons. We first augment robotic datasets with reasoning rationales generated by an expert teacher model, guiding VLA models to learn to reason about their actions. Then, we use \textit{ReFineVLA} to fine-tune pre-trained VLAs with the reasoning-enriched datasets, while maintaining their inherent generalization abilities and boosting reasoning capabilities. In addition, we conduct an attention map visualization to analyze the alignment among visual attention, linguistic prompts, and to-be-executed actions of \textit{ReFineVLA}, showcasing its ability to focus on relevant tasks and actions. Through the latter step, we explore that \textit{ReFineVLA}-trained models exhibit a meaningful attention shift towards relevant objects, highlighting the enhanced multimodal understanding and improved generalization. Evaluated across manipulation tasks, \textit{ReFineVLA} outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines. Specifically, it achieves an average increase of $5.0\%$ success rate on SimplerEnv WidowX Robot tasks, improves by an average of $8.6\%$ in variant aggregation settings, and by $1.7\%$ in visual matching settings for SimplerEnv Google Robot tasks. The source code will be publicly available.