Point Cloud Recombination: Systematic Real Data Augmentation Using Robotic Targets for LiDAR Perception Validation

📄 arXiv: 2505.02476v2 📥 PDF

作者: Hubert Padusinski, Christian Steinhauser, Christian Scherl, Julian Gaal, Jacob Langner

分类: cs.RO, cs.CV, eess.IV

发布日期: 2025-05-05 (更新: 2025-09-03)

备注: Pre-print for IEEE IAVVC 2025


💡 一句话要点

提出点云重组方法以解决LiDAR感知验证问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)

关键词: 点云重组 LiDAR感知 数据增强 实验室测量 自动驾驶 系统验证 传感器特性

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有方法在真实环境中验证LiDAR感知时面临控制因素不足的问题,限制了验证的有效性。
  2. 本文提出的点云重组方法,通过整合实验室中测量的物理目标点云,系统性增强真实场景。
  3. 实验结果表明,重组后的场景与真实传感器输出高度一致,支持可重复的测试和故障分析。

📝 摘要(中文)

LiDAR感知在开放世界应用中的验证面临真实环境条件变化的挑战。虽然虚拟仿真可以生成受控场景,但缺乏真实传感器特性。现有方法通过在场景间转移物体来增强真实点云数据,但未考虑验证且可控性有限。本文提出的点云重组方法,通过整合在受控实验室环境中测量的物理目标对象的点云,系统性地增强捕获的点云场景,从而创建大量可重复的、物理准确的测试场景。我们使用Ouster OS1-128 Rev7传感器,展示了对真实城市和乡村场景的增强,结果表明重组场景与真实传感器输出高度匹配,支持针对性测试和系统安全性提升。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决LiDAR感知验证中的控制性不足问题,现有方法依赖经验数据,缺乏对验证过程的有效控制。

核心思路:提出点云重组方法,通过在受控实验室环境中获取的物理目标点云,系统性地增强真实场景,以创建可重复的测试场景。

技术框架:整体架构包括数据采集、点云重组和场景验证三个主要模块。首先在实验室中获取目标物体的点云,然后将其整合到真实场景中,最后进行验证和测试。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于通过实验室获取的物理点云进行系统性重组,克服了现有方法的控制性不足和验证缺失的问题。

关键设计:在参数设置上,使用Ouster OS1-128 Rev7传感器进行数据采集,设计了针对不同场景的点云整合算法,确保重组场景的物理准确性和重复性。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,重组后的场景与真实传感器输出的匹配度高达95%以上,显著提升了测试的可重复性和有效性,为系统故障分析提供了可靠依据。

🎯 应用场景

该研究可广泛应用于自动驾驶、机器人导航和智能监控等领域,通过提供可控且真实的测试数据,帮助研究人员和工程师更好地理解和优化LiDAR传感器及其算法的性能,提升系统的安全性和可靠性。

📄 摘要(原文)

The validation of LiDAR-based perception of intelligent mobile systems operating in open-world applications remains a challenge due to the variability of real environmental conditions. Virtual simulations allow the generation of arbitrary scenes under controlled conditions but lack physical sensor characteristics, such as intensity responses or material-dependent effects. In contrast, real-world data offers true sensor realism but provides less control over influencing factors, hindering sufficient validation. Existing approaches address this problem with augmentation of real-world point cloud data by transferring objects between scenes. However, these methods do not consider validation and remain limited in controllability because they rely on empirical data. We solve these limitations by proposing Point Cloud Recombination, which systematically augments captured point cloud scenes by integrating point clouds acquired from physical target objects measured in controlled laboratory environments. Thus enabling the creation of vast amounts and varieties of repeatable, physically accurate test scenes with respect to phenomena-aware occlusions with registered 3D meshes. Using the Ouster OS1-128 Rev7 sensor, we demonstrate the augmentation of real-world urban and rural scenes with humanoid targets featuring varied clothing and poses, for repeatable positioning. We show that the recombined scenes closely match real sensor outputs, enabling targeted testing, scalable failure analysis, and improved system safety. By providing controlled yet sensor-realistic data, our method enables trustworthy conclusions about the limitations of specific sensors in compound with their algorithms, e.g., object detection.