Perceive With Confidence: Statistical Safety Assurances for Navigation with Learning-Based Perception
作者: Zhiting Mei, Anushri Dixit, Meghan Booker, Emily Zhou, Mariko Storey-Matsutani, Allen Z. Ren, Ola Shorinwa, Anirudha Majumdar
分类: cs.RO, eess.SY
发布日期: 2024-03-13 (更新: 2025-04-17)
备注: Videos and code can be found at https://perceive-with-confidence.github.io
💡 一句话要点
提出基于学习感知的导航安全保障方法
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)
关键词: 学习感知 导航安全 符合预测 不确定性量化 自主机器人 障碍物规避 安全规划
📋 核心要点
- 现有的感知模型在未见环境中的可靠性未知,导致机器人导航的安全性受到挑战。
- 本文提出了一种名为Perceive with Confidence (PwC)的方法,通过新校准技术量化感知系统的不确定性,确保安全性。
- 实验结果显示,PwC在模拟中将障碍物误检测减少70%,在硬件实验中安全性提高40%,表现出优越的鲁棒性。
📝 摘要(中文)
随着感知技术的快速发展,大型预训练模型能够将高维、噪声和部分观察转化为丰富的占用表示。然而,这些模型在未见环境中的可靠性尚不明确。为提供安全保障,本文通过基于符合预测的新校准技术,严格量化预训练感知系统在物体检测和场景补全中的不确定性。该过程确保在感知输出与规划器结合使用时,对状态分布变化的鲁棒性。最终,经过校准的感知系统可以与任何安全规划器结合,提供对未见环境的端到端统计安全保障。实验验证了该方法在障碍物规避中的安全性,模拟中障碍物误检测减少了70%,而硬件实验中安全性提高了40%。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有感知模型在未见环境中可靠性不足的问题,尤其是在物体检测和场景补全任务中,导致的导航安全隐患。
核心思路:论文提出了一种基于符合预测的校准技术,通过量化感知系统的不确定性,确保在状态分布变化时的鲁棒性,从而提高安全性。
技术框架:整体架构包括感知模块、校准模块和规划模块。感知模块负责获取环境信息,校准模块对感知输出进行不确定性量化,规划模块则基于校准结果进行安全导航决策。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于引入符合预测技术进行感知输出的校准,确保在不同环境条件下的安全性保障,这与传统方法的直接输出不同。
关键设计:在设计中,采用了特定的损失函数来优化校准过程,并通过实验验证了不同参数设置对安全性的影响,确保在提高成功率的同时保持100%的安全性。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,PwC方法在模拟环境中将障碍物误检测率降低了70%,而在硬件实验中安全性提高了40%。在高速度导航时,安全性提升幅度达到46.7%,展现了该方法在复杂条件下的鲁棒性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括自主机器人导航、无人驾驶汽车和智能家居系统等。通过提供可靠的安全保障,PwC方法能够在复杂和动态的环境中实现更安全的自动化操作,未来可能对智能交通和服务机器人领域产生深远影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Rapid advances in perception have enabled large pre-trained models to be used out of the box for transforming high-dimensional, noisy, and partial observations of the world into rich occupancy representations. However, the reliability of these models and consequently their safe integration onto robots remains unknown when deployed in environments unseen during training. To provide safety guarantees, we rigorously quantify the uncertainty of pre-trained perception systems for object detection and scene completion via a novel calibration technique based on conformal prediction. Crucially, this procedure guarantees robustness to distribution shifts in states when perception outputs are used in conjunction with a planner. As a result, the calibrated perception system can be used in combination with any safe planner to provide an end-to-end statistical assurance on safety in unseen environments. We evaluate the resulting approach, Perceive with Confidence (PwC), in simulation and on hardware where a quadruped robot navigates through previously unseen indoor, static environments. These experiments validate the safety assurances for obstacle avoidance provided by PwC. In simulation, our method reduces obstacle misdetection by $70\%$ compared to uncalibrated perception models. While misdetections lead to collisions for baseline methods, our approach consistently achieves $100\%$ safety. We further demonstrate reducing the conservatism of our method without sacrificing safety, achieving a $46\%$ increase in success rates in challenging environments while maintaining $100\%$ safety. In hardware experiments, our method improves empirical safety by $40\%$ over baselines and reduces obstacle misdetection by $93.3\%$. The safety gap widens to $46.7\%$ when navigation speed increases, highlighting our approach's robustness under more demanding conditions.