InCoRo: In-Context Learning for Robotics Control with Feedback Loops
作者: Jiaqiang Ye Zhu, Carla Gomez Cano, David Vazquez Bermudez, Michal Drozdzal
分类: cs.RO, cs.AI, cs.CL
发布日期: 2024-02-07
💡 一句话要点
提出InCoRo以解决动态环境下机器人控制问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱三:空间感知与语义 (Perception & Semantics)
关键词: 机器人控制 动态环境 上下文学习 大型语言模型 反馈循环 智能自主系统 工业机器人
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法在动态环境中缺乏足够的适应性,难以处理复杂任务。
- InCoRo系统通过结合LLM控制器和反馈循环,实时分析环境并调整执行命令。
- 实验结果显示,InCoRo在静态环境中成功率高于现有方法,并在动态环境中设立了新基准。
📝 摘要(中文)
在机器人技术中,使机器人具备足够的推理能力以执行复杂任务是一个挑战。近年来,大型语言模型(LLMs)的进展使其成为简单推理任务的首选工具。本文提出了InCoRo系统,结合LLM控制器、场景理解单元和机器人,利用经典的反馈循环,持续分析环境状态并提供适应性执行命令。该系统无需迭代优化,通过上下文学习实现任务执行。实验表明,InCoRo在静态环境中超越了现有技术,在动态环境中为SCARA和DELTA机器人建立了新的性能基准,推动了智能自主系统的发展。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决机器人在动态环境中执行复杂任务时的适应性不足问题。现有方法往往依赖于静态执行计划,无法实时调整。
核心思路:InCoRo系统通过结合LLM控制器与反馈机制,实时分析环境状态并生成适应性命令,从而提高机器人的灵活性和准确性。
技术框架:InCoRo的整体架构包括三个主要模块:LLM控制器、场景理解单元和机器人执行单元。系统通过反馈循环不断优化执行策略。
关键创新:本研究的主要创新在于将上下文学习与LLM结合,消除了传统方法中对迭代优化的需求,使得机器人能够在动态环境中自我调整。
关键设计:系统设计中采用了现成的LLM模型,利用其强大的推理能力进行任务执行,且在参数设置上进行了优化,以确保实时响应和高效执行。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,InCoRo在静态环境中的成功率超过了现有技术,而在动态环境中为SCARA和DELTA机器人设立了新的性能基准,显示出显著的提升幅度,推动了机器人控制技术的发展。
🎯 应用场景
InCoRo系统的潜在应用领域包括工业自动化、服务机器人和智能制造等。其能够在动态环境中实时调整执行策略,提升机器人在复杂任务中的表现,具有重要的实际价值和广泛的应用前景。
📄 摘要(原文)
One of the challenges in robotics is to enable robotic units with the reasoning capability that would be robust enough to execute complex tasks in dynamic environments. Recent advances in LLMs have positioned them as go-to tools for simple reasoning tasks, motivating the pioneering work of Liang et al. [35] that uses an LLM to translate natural language commands into low-level static execution plans for robotic units. Using LLMs inside robotics systems brings their generalization to a new level, enabling zero-shot generalization to new tasks. This paper extends this prior work to dynamic environments. We propose InCoRo, a system that uses a classical robotic feedback loop composed of an LLM controller, a scene understanding unit, and a robot. Our system continuously analyzes the state of the environment and provides adapted execution commands, enabling the robot to adjust to changing environmental conditions and correcting for controller errors. Our system does not require any iterative optimization to learn to accomplish a task as it leverages in-context learning with an off-the-shelf LLM model. Through an extensive validation process involving two standardized industrial robotic units -- SCARA and DELTA types -- we contribute knowledge about these robots, not popular in the community, thereby enriching it. We highlight the generalization capabilities of our system and show that (1) in-context learning in combination with the current state-of-the-art LLMs is an effective way to implement a robotic controller; (2) in static environments, InCoRo surpasses the prior art in terms of the success rate; (3) in dynamic environments, we establish new state-of-the-art for the SCARA and DELTA units, respectively. This research paves the way towards building reliable, efficient, intelligent autonomous systems that adapt to dynamic environments.