Phase-Independent Dynamic Movement Primitives With Applications to Human-Robot Co-manipulation and Time Optimal Planning

📄 arXiv: 2401.08238v3 📥 PDF

作者: Giovanni Braglia, Davide Tebaldi, Luigi Biagiotti

分类: cs.RO

发布日期: 2024-01-16 (更新: 2025-02-23)

备注: 18 pages, 18 figures

期刊: Robotics and Autonomous Systems (2025)

DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2025.105120


💡 一句话要点

提出相位独立动态运动原语以解决人机协作与时间最优规划问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)

关键词: 动态运动原语 人机协作 时间优化 空间采样 几何路径 相位独立性 机器人技术

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的动态运动原语方法在时间调整上存在局限,难以有效解耦几何路径与时间信息。
  2. 本文提出的几何动态运动原语(GDMP)通过空间采样算法实现了几何与时间的完全解耦,增强了相位独立性。
  3. GDMP在实验中表现出优越的稳定性和性能,特别是在与其他DMP架构的比较中,展示了显著的提升。

📝 摘要(中文)

动态运动原语(DMP)是一种有效的机器人任务编码方法,通常通过示范编程(PbD)获得名义轨迹。本文提出了一种新方法,通过空间采样算法将任务的几何信息与时间信息完全解耦,定义了几何动态运动原语(GDMP)。GDMP的相位独立性使其能够在不受示范时间法则限制的情况下应用于多种场景,包括相位优化问题和人机协作任务。研究中还提出了最小任务持续时间优化问题,并在实验中验证了GDMP的稳定性和性能,显示出其在插入任务中的优越表现。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决动态运动原语在时间调整上的局限性,现有方法难以有效解耦几何路径与时间信息,影响了任务的灵活性与适应性。

核心思路:论文提出的几何动态运动原语(GDMP)通过空间采样算法,将任务的几何信息与时间信息完全解耦,从而实现相位独立性,允许在不同时间尺度下执行任务。

技术框架:GDMP的整体架构包括空间采样模块、几何路径参数化和时间优化模块。空间采样模块负责对示范曲线进行采样,几何路径参数化则将路径与时间解耦,最后通过时间优化模块实现任务的最优执行。

关键创新:GDMP的核心创新在于其相位独立性,允许在不受示范时间法则限制的情况下进行任务执行,这与传统DMP方法形成了本质区别。

关键设计:在GDMP中,关键参数包括空间采样的步长、时间常数的设置,以及在优化过程中对速度和加速度的约束。这些设计确保了示范曲线的规律性和人机协作中的一致性。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,GDMP在插入任务中的表现优于其他DMP架构,优化后的任务持续时间在满足速度和加速度约束的情况下显著缩短,展示了其在相位优化问题上的优势。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括人机协作、机器人操作和自动化生产等。GDMP的相位独立性和时间优化能力使其在动态环境中具有更高的适应性,能够有效提升机器人在复杂任务中的表现,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMP) are an established and efficient method for encoding robotic tasks that require adaptation based on reference motions. Typically, the nominal trajectory is obtained through Programming by Demonstration (PbD), where the robot learns a task via kinesthetic guidance and reproduces it in terms of both geometric path and timing law. Modifying the duration of the execution in standard DMPs is achieved by adjusting a time constant in the model. This paper introduces a novel approach to fully decouple the geometric information of a task from its temporal information using an algorithm called spatial sampling, which allows parameterizing the demonstrated curve by its arc-length. This leads to the definition of the Geometric DMP (GDMP). The proposed spatial sampling algorithm guarantees the regularity of the demonstrated curve and ensures a consistent projection of the human force throughout the task in a human-in-the-loop scenario. GDMP exhibits phase independence, as its phase variable is no longer constrained to the demonstration's timing law, enabling a wide range of applications, including phase optimization problems and human-in-the-loop applications. Firstly, a minimum task duration optimization problem subject to velocity and acceleration constraints is formulated. The decoupling of path and speed in GDMP allows to achieve optimal time duration without violating the constraints. Secondly, GDMP is validated in a human-in-the-loop application, providing a theoretical passivity analysis and an experimental stability evaluation in co-manipulation tasks. Finally, GDMP is compared with other DMP architectures available in the literature, both for the phase optimization problem and experimentally with reference to an insertion task, showcasing the enhanced performance of GDMP with respect to other solutions.