Multi-tap Resistive Sensing and FEM Modeling enables Shape and Force Estimation in Soft Robots

📄 arXiv: 2311.14566v1 📥 PDF

作者: Sizhe Tian, Barnabas Gavin Cangan, Stefan Escaida Navarro, Artem Beger, Christian Duriez, Robert K. Katzschmann

分类: cs.RO

发布日期: 2023-11-24

备注: 8 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L)


💡 一句话要点

提出多点电阻传感与有限元建模解决软机器人自我感知问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)

关键词: 软机器人 自我感知 电阻传感器 有限元建模 局部变形 外部力估计 流体驱动

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的单一传感器方法在软机器人自我感知中存在准确性不足和局部变形识别能力差的问题。
  2. 本研究通过多点电阻传感器技术,改进了对软体结构局部变形的感知能力,并结合有限元建模进行形状和力的估计。
  3. 实验结果显示,所提方法在软体变形估计中实现了约3%的平均相对误差,外部力估计的相对误差为11%。

📝 摘要(中文)

本研究针对软机器人中自我感知的可靠性与准确性问题,特别是在紧凑包装约束下,仅依赖内部嵌入传感器的情况。我们提出了一种通过多点电阻传感器来感知局部变形的方法,并将其嵌入软体结构中。该方法通过在传感器的电阻层上创建多个电连接,测量多个段的电阻变化,从而提高了对软体结构局部变形的分辨率。基于这些测量数据,我们构建了一个有限元模型(FEM),能够估计软体结构的形状及作用于已知位置的外部力。实验结果表明,该方法在考虑内部流体驱动的情况下,软体变形的平均相对误差约为3%,而外部力的估计相对误差为11%。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本研究旨在解决软机器人中自我感知的可靠性与准确性问题,现有方法通常依赖单一传感器,导致对局部变形的识别能力不足,且常常假设曲率恒定。

核心思路:我们提出通过多点电阻传感器来感知软体结构的局部变形,利用多个电连接来提高测量的分辨率,从而更准确地估计软体的形状和外部施加的力。

技术框架:整体方法包括多个模块:首先是多点电阻传感器的设计与嵌入,然后是数据采集与处理,最后是基于有限元方法的建模与估计。

关键创新:本研究的创新点在于通过多点电阻传感器的设计,克服了传统单一传感器在局部变形感知中的局限性,显著提高了感知精度。

关键设计:在设计中,我们设置了多个电连接以实现多点测量,采用有限元方法进行建模,损失函数设计考虑了变形与外部力的综合影响。实验中,传感器的布局与电阻变化的测量策略是关键设计要素。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,所提出的方法在软体变形估计中实现了约3%的平均相对误差,而外部力的估计相对误差为11%。这些结果显著优于传统方法,展示了多点电阻传感与有限元建模结合的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括软机器人抓取与操作、医疗器械、以及人机交互等场景。通过实现高精度的自我感知,软机器人能够在复杂环境中更好地适应和操作,提高其在实际应用中的有效性与安全性。

📄 摘要(原文)

We address the challenge of reliable and accurate proprioception in soft robots, specifically those with tight packaging constraints and relying only on internally embedded sensors. While various sensing approaches with single sensors have been tried, often with a constant curvature assumption, we look into sensing local deformations at multiple locations of the sensor. In our approach, we multi-tap an off-the-shelf resistive sensor by creating multiple electrical connections onto the resistive layer of the sensor and we insert the sensor into a soft body. This modification allows us to measure changes in resistance at multiple segments throughout the length of the sensor, providing improved resolution of local deformations in the soft body. These measurements inform a model based on a finite element method (FEM) that estimates the shape of the soft body and the magnitude of an external force acting at a known arbitrary location. Our model-based approach estimates soft body deformation with approximately 3% average relative error while taking into account internal fluidic actuation. Our estimate of external force disturbance has an 11% relative error within a range of 0 to 5 N. The combined sensing and modeling approach can be integrated, for instance, into soft manipulation platforms to enable features such as identifying the shape and material properties of an object being grasped. Such manipulators can benefit from the inherent softness and compliance while being fully proprioceptive, relying only on embedded sensing and not on external systems such as motion capture. Such proprioception is essential for the deployment of soft robots in real-world scenarios.