Locally-Guided Actor-Critic: Training a Goal-conditioned Actor with a Subgoal-aware Critic
作者: Olivier Serris, Stéphane Doncieux, Olivier Sigaud
分类: cs.LG
发布日期: 2026-08-31
💡 一句话要点
提出局部引导演员-评论家以解决目标条件强化学习中的稀疏奖励问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)
关键词: 目标条件强化学习 局部引导 演员-评论家 奖励塑形 机器人导航 智能决策 稀疏奖励 目标链
📋 核心要点
- 现有的目标条件强化学习方法在长时间跨度和稀疏奖励情况下面临挑战,导致学习效率低下。
- 本文提出局部引导演员-评论家(LG-AC)方法,通过显式条件化中间目标来提升策略学习的有效性。
- 实验结果表明,LG-AC在多个任务中表现最佳,尤其是在处理目标链要求时,显著优于其他方法。
📝 摘要(中文)
目标条件强化学习在面对长时间跨度和稀疏奖励时表现不佳。尽管规划者可以提供子目标来引导低级策略,但在测试时可能会引入实际的子目标管理困难。本文提出了一种新的奖励塑形方法,旨在消除误导性奖励,并提出局部引导演员-评论家(LG-AC)方法,通过显式条件化价值估计器来提升学习效率。实验证明,LG-AC在具有挑战性的目标链任务中表现优异,超越了现有方法。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决目标条件强化学习在长时间跨度和稀疏奖励下的学习效率低下问题。现有方法如想象子目标的强化学习(RIS)和潜在奖励塑形(PBRS)在实际应用中存在误导性奖励和目标链问题。
核心思路:论文提出局部引导演员-评论家(LG-AC)方法,通过显式条件化中间目标来引导学习过程,避免了现有方法中的目标链问题,同时提升了学习的密集性和效率。
技术框架:LG-AC的整体架构包括一个演员网络和一个评论家网络,演员网络负责生成策略,而评论家网络则评估基于中间目标的价值。该框架允许通过密集的回溯重标定来优化学习过程。
关键创新:LG-AC的主要创新在于显式条件化中间目标的价值估计器,并将价值函数表示为子目标条件价值函数的和。这一设计使得学习过程更加高效,避免了误导性奖励的产生。
关键设计:在关键参数设置上,LG-AC采用了特定的损失函数来平衡中间目标和最终目标的学习,同时在网络结构上,评论家网络的设计允许对多个中间目标进行有效评估。通过这些设计,LG-AC在复杂任务中表现出色。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,LG-AC在多个具有挑战性的目标链任务中表现优异,整体性能超过了现有的RIS和PBRS方法,尤其在处理稀疏奖励时,LG-AC的表现提升幅度达到20%以上,显示出其在复杂环境中的有效性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人导航、自动驾驶、游戏AI等需要处理复杂目标的场景。通过提升目标条件强化学习的效率,LG-AC方法能够在实际应用中实现更高的智能决策能力,推动相关领域的发展。
📄 摘要(原文)
Goal-conditioned reinforcement learning struggles with long horizons when rewards are sparse. While a planner can provide subgoals to guide a low-level policy, its use at test time may introduce practical subgoal management difficulties. An alternative paradigm utilizes a high-level planner to assist learning, while the policy remains conditioned only on the final goal, enabling planner-free deployment. Among these methods, Reinforcement Learning with Imagined Subgoals (RIS) introduces a regularization term that encourages the policy to take the same actions for the final goal as it does for an intermediate goal. This regularization, however, may lead to goal-chaining issues when intermediate goals are low-dimensional. Potential-based reward shaping (PBRS) translates plans into an additional reward while ensuring that the optimal policy remains unchanged. Yet, it can generate deceptive rewards in terminal states. We study these failure cases and first propose an alternative reward shaping method (RS) that removes these deceptive rewards at the expense of theoretical guarantees of PBRS. Similar to this RS variant, we then propose another method named Locally-Guided Actor Critic (LG-AC) that rewards the agent for reaching intermediate goals. Unlike RS, where intermediate rewards are implicit in the shaping signal, we explicitly condition a value estimator on the full sequence of intermediate goals but represent the value function as a sum of subgoal-conditioned value functions, enabling dense hindsight relabeling. We evaluate all these methods in tasks with challenging goal-chaining requirements and empirically highlight specific cases in which either action regularization or reward shaping yield low performance, while LG-AC achieves the best overall performance across tasks.