VERIRL: Boosting the LLM-based Verilog Code Generation via Reinforcement Learning
作者: Fu Teng, Miao Pan, Xuhong Zhang, Zhezhi He, Yiyao Yang, Xinyi Chai, Mengnan Qi, Liqiang Lu, Jianwei Yin
分类: cs.LG, cs.AI
发布日期: 2025-08-25
🔗 代码/项目: GITHUB
💡 一句话要点
提出VERIRL框架以提升Verilog代码生成的效果
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)
关键词: Verilog代码生成 强化学习 硬件描述语言 数据集构建 奖励模型 样本平衡 性能优化
📋 核心要点
- 现有的代码生成方法在软件领域表现良好,但在Verilog等HDL中面临并发语义和语法刚性等挑战。
- 本文提出了一种基于强化学习的框架,通过构建高质量数据集和创新的重评分机制来提升Verilog代码生成的效果。
- 实验结果显示,VERIRL在测试通过率、功能正确性和编译鲁棒性等方面均优于现有方法,展现出显著的性能提升。
📝 摘要(中文)
近年来,代码生成在软件领域取得了显著成功,但硬件描述语言(HDL)如Verilog由于其并发语义、语法刚性和仿真复杂性仍然未被充分探索。本文提出了一种针对Verilog代码生成的强化学习(RL)框架。我们首先构建了Veribench-53K数据集,该数据集从70万个Verilog问题中精心策划而成,包含结构化提示、复杂性标签和多样化测试平台。为了解决稀疏和噪声奖励信号的问题,我们提出了一种基于回溯的重评分机制,利用推理路径和迭代优化来增强反馈的可靠性并支持奖励模型的训练。此外,为了减轻强化学习微调过程中的灾难性遗忘和过拟合,我们引入了一种样本平衡加权策略,根据奖励概率分布自适应地平衡学习动态。这些创新集成到一个迭代的RL流程中,共同演化策略和奖励模型。实验结果表明,我们的方法在Verilog生成任务上表现出色,显著提高了测试通过率、功能正确性和编译鲁棒性。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决Verilog代码生成中的稀疏奖励信号和复杂的语法结构问题。现有方法如CraftRTL依赖于大规模闭源模型蒸馏,难以处理HDL的特性。
核心思路:通过构建Veribench-53K数据集和引入强化学习框架,利用回溯重评分机制和样本平衡加权策略来增强反馈的可靠性和学习的稳定性。
技术框架:整体架构包括数据集构建、奖励模型训练和策略优化三个主要模块。首先,利用高质量数据集进行初步训练,然后通过RL迭代优化策略和奖励模型。
关键创新:提出的Trace-back based Rescore机制和样本平衡加权策略是本研究的核心创新,能够有效解决稀疏反馈和过拟合问题,与现有方法相比具有本质区别。
关键设计:在参数设置上,采用自适应加权策略来平衡不同奖励的影响,损失函数设计上注重提高反馈的可靠性,网络结构则基于强化学习的标准架构进行优化。
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,VERIRL在Verilog生成任务上实现了最先进的性能,测试通过率显著提高,功能正确性和编译鲁棒性也得到了大幅提升。与基线方法相比,VERIRL在多个指标上均表现出明显的优势,验证了其有效性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括硬件设计自动化、嵌入式系统开发以及FPGA编程等。通过提升Verilog代码生成的效率和准确性,能够加速硬件开发周期,降低人力成本,推动智能硬件的快速发展。未来,该方法还可能扩展到其他HDL或硬件相关的编程任务中。
📄 摘要(原文)
Recent advancements in code generation have shown remarkable success across software domains, yet hardware description languages (HDLs) such as Verilog remain underexplored due to their concurrency semantics, syntactic rigidity, and simulation complexity. In this work, we address these challenges by introducing a reinforcement learning (RL) framework tailored for Verilog code generation. We first construct Veribench-53K, a high-quality dataset curated from over 700K Verilog problems, enriched with structured prompts, complexity labels, and diverse testbenches. To tackle the problem of sparse and noisy reward signals, we propose a Trace-back based Rescore mechanism that leverages reasoning paths and iterative refinement to enhance feedback reliability and support reward model training. Furthermore, to mitigate catastrophic forgetting and overfitting during RL fine-tuning, we introduce a sample-balanced weighting strategy that adaptively balances learning dynamics based on reward-probability distributions. These innovations are integrated into an iterative RL pipeline that co-evolves the policy and reward models. In contrast to recent work such as CraftRTL, which relies on large-scale closed-source model distillation, and DeepSeek-style approaches that struggle with sparse feedback, our method demonstrates superior performance using a smaller but high-quality dataset combined with RL optimization. Experiments on Verilog generation tasks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, with substantial gains in test pass rate, functional correctness, and compilation robustness. Our findings highlight the potential of RL-driven approaches for structured code generation in hardware-centric domains. VERIRL is publicly available at https://github.com/omniAI-Lab/VeriRL.