Knowledgeable Agents by Offline Reinforcement Learning from Large Language Model Rollouts
作者: Jing-Cheng Pang, Si-Hang Yang, Kaiyuan Li, Jiaji Zhang, Xiong-Hui Chen, Nan Tang, Yang Yu
分类: cs.LG, cs.AI, cs.CL
发布日期: 2024-04-14
💡 一句话要点
提出KALM方法以解决RL与LLM结合的语义差距问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 强化学习 大型语言模型 虚拟回合 知识提取 智能体训练 环境动态理解 任务重述 离线学习
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法在将大型语言模型与强化学习结合时,面临语义差距和数据类型不匹配的挑战。
- 论文提出KALM方法,通过离线强化学习从LLM的虚拟回合中提取知识,解决了LLM与环境数据之间的基础问题。
- 实验结果显示,KALM在执行未见目标任务时成功率达到46%,显著优于基线方法的26%,展示了其有效性。
📝 摘要(中文)
强化学习(RL)通过环境交互数据训练智能体以完成复杂任务,但其能力受限于可用数据的范围。为获得知识丰富的智能体,利用大型语言模型(LLM)的知识是一种有前景的方法。尽管已有研究将LLM与RL结合,但两者的无缝集成仍然面临挑战。本文提出了一种新方法KALM,通过离线强化学习从LLM的虚拟回合中提取知识。KALM的主要挑战在于LLM的基础,因为LLM本质上局限于文本数据,而环境数据通常由LLM未见过的数值向量组成。为此,KALM对LLM进行微调,使其能够基于环境数据执行各种任务,包括自然语言描述与相应回合数据之间的双向翻译。初步实验证明,KALM使智能体能够完成复杂的任务目标重述,并在执行未见目标的任务时成功率达到46%,显著高于基线方法的26%。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决大型语言模型(LLM)与强化学习(RL)结合时的语义差距问题。现有方法在利用LLM知识时,面临环境数据与文本数据之间的匹配困难,限制了智能体的学习能力。
核心思路:KALM方法通过离线强化学习从LLM生成的虚拟回合中提取知识,微调LLM以理解环境数据,进而生成多样化的虚拟回合,帮助智能体学习新技能。
技术框架:KALM的整体架构包括数据收集、LLM微调、虚拟回合生成和离线强化学习四个主要模块。首先收集环境数据,然后对LLM进行微调以适应这些数据,接着生成虚拟回合,最后通过离线RL进行训练。
关键创新:KALM的创新在于其有效地将LLM与环境数据结合,通过双向翻译机制解决了文本与数值数据之间的差距,使得LLM能够生成有意义的虚拟回合。
关键设计:在设计中,KALM使用了特定的损失函数来优化LLM的微调过程,并采用了适应性学习率以提高训练效率。此外,网络结构经过调整,以支持双向翻译任务的实现。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
KALM在CLEVR-Robot环境中的实验结果显示,智能体在执行未见目标任务时的成功率达到46%,相比基线方法的26%提升了20个百分点,证明了其在复杂任务处理中的有效性和优势。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能机器人、自动化系统和人机交互等。通过提高智能体在复杂环境中的学习能力,KALM可以推动智能体在新任务中的表现,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Reinforcement learning (RL) trains agents to accomplish complex tasks through environmental interaction data, but its capacity is also limited by the scope of the available data. To obtain a knowledgeable agent, a promising approach is to leverage the knowledge from large language models (LLMs). Despite previous studies combining LLMs with RL, seamless integration of the two components remains challenging due to their semantic gap. This paper introduces a novel method, Knowledgeable Agents from Language Model Rollouts (KALM), which extracts knowledge from LLMs in the form of imaginary rollouts that can be easily learned by the agent through offline reinforcement learning methods. The primary challenge of KALM lies in LLM grounding, as LLMs are inherently limited to textual data, whereas environmental data often comprise numerical vectors unseen to LLMs. To address this, KALM fine-tunes the LLM to perform various tasks based on environmental data, including bidirectional translation between natural language descriptions of skills and their corresponding rollout data. This grounding process enhances the LLM's comprehension of environmental dynamics, enabling it to generate diverse and meaningful imaginary rollouts that reflect novel skills. Initial empirical evaluations on the CLEVR-Robot environment demonstrate that KALM enables agents to complete complex rephrasings of task goals and extend their capabilities to novel tasks requiring unprecedented optimal behaviors. KALM achieves a success rate of 46% in executing tasks with unseen goals, substantially surpassing the 26% success rate achieved by baseline methods. Furthermore, KALM effectively enables the LLM to comprehend environmental dynamics, resulting in the generation of meaningful imaginary rollouts that reflect novel skills and demonstrate the seamless integration of large language models and reinforcement learning.