SMART: Automatically Scaling Down Language Models with Accuracy Guarantees for Reduced Processing Fees
作者: Saehan Jo, Immanuel Trummer
分类: cs.LG, cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.DB
发布日期: 2024-03-11
💡 一句话要点
提出SMART框架以降低语言模型推理成本
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 语言模型 推理成本 准确性约束 性能评估 自适应模型选择 自然语言处理 成本优化
📋 核心要点
- 现有的高性能语言模型在推理时成本高昂,用户在选择合适模型时面临质量与费用的平衡挑战。
- SMART框架允许用户设定输出准确性约束,通过评估多种LLM的性能来降低推理成本。
- 实验结果显示,SMART在真实数据集上相较于GPT-4实现了最高25.6倍的成本节省,展现出显著的经济效益。
📝 摘要(中文)
大型语言模型(LLMs)的进步显著提升了自然语言处理(NLP)任务的性能。然而,部署高性能LLMs的成本非常高,主要由于参数数量的增加。为了解决用户在选择合适LLM时面临的质量与成本平衡问题,本文提出了SMART(Scaling Models Adaptively for Reduced Token Fees)框架。SMART允许用户设定准确性约束,确保生成的结果与最强LLM的输出在用户定义的概率阈值内相符。通过评估多种LLM的性能,SMART优化了配置开销与预期成本节省之间的权衡。实验结果表明,SMART在三个真实数据集上的表现显著,基于OpenAI模型的测试显示其推理成本最高可节省25.6倍。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决大型语言模型在推理时的高成本问题,现有方法在提供高性能的同时,往往导致用户面临选择困难和费用负担。
核心思路:SMART框架通过允许用户设定准确性约束,确保生成的结果与最强LLM的输出在可接受的概率范围内,从而实现成本与性能的优化平衡。
技术框架:SMART的整体架构包括一个性能评估阶段,首先对多种LLM进行评估,以识别满足用户准确性要求的模型,然后根据评估结果优化推理过程。
关键创新:SMART的主要创新在于其自适应的模型选择机制,能够在保证结果质量的前提下,显著降低推理成本,这与传统方法的固定模型选择策略形成鲜明对比。
关键设计:SMART设计了用户定义的准确性阈值,并通过性能分析来优化模型组合,确保在降低成本的同时,满足用户的准确性需求。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
在实验中,SMART框架在三个真实数据集上表现出色,基于OpenAI模型的测试结果显示,推理成本最高可节省25.6倍,相较于GPT-4,展现了显著的经济效益和实用价值。
🎯 应用场景
SMART框架在自然语言处理领域具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其适用于需要高效推理的场景,如聊天机器人、文本生成和信息检索等。其显著降低的推理成本将使得更多企业和开发者能够负担得起高性能的语言模型,从而推动AI技术的普及与应用。
📄 摘要(原文)
The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly boosted performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the deployment of high-performance LLMs incurs substantial costs, primarily due to the increased number of parameters aimed at enhancing model performance. This has made the use of state-of-the-art LLMs more expensive for end-users. AI service providers, such as OpenAI and Anthropic, often offer multiple versions of LLMs with varying prices and performance. However, end-users still face challenges in choosing the appropriate LLM for their tasks that balance result quality with cost. We introduce SMART, Scaling Models Adaptively for Reduced Token Fees, a novel LLM framework designed to minimize the inference costs of NLP tasks while ensuring sufficient result quality. It enables users to specify an accuracy constraint in terms of the equivalence of outputs to those of the most powerful LLM. SMART then generates results that deviate from the outputs of this LLM only with a probability below a user-defined threshold. SMART employs a profiling phase that evaluates the performance of multiple LLMs to identify those that meet the user-defined accuracy level. SMART optimizes the tradeoff between profiling overheads and the anticipated cost savings resulting from profiling. Moreover, our approach significantly reduces inference costs by strategically leveraging a mix of LLMs. Our experiments on three real-world datasets show that, based on OpenAI models, SMART achieves significant cost savings, up to 25.6x in comparison to GPT-4.