PaCKD: Pattern-Clustered Knowledge Distillation for Compressing Memory Access Prediction Models
作者: Neelesh Gupta, Pengmiao Zhang, Rajgopal Kannan, Viktor Prasanna
分类: cs.LG, cs.AR
发布日期: 2024-02-21
备注: 6 pages, 2 figures, HPEC '23
期刊: 2023 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC), 2023, pp. 1-7
DOI: 10.1109/HPEC58863.2023.10363610
💡 一句话要点
提出PaCKD以压缩内存访问预测模型并提升性能
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)
关键词: 内存访问预测 知识蒸馏 模型压缩 深度学习 性能优化
📋 核心要点
- 现有的DNN-based MAP模型由于参数量大,导致存储空间需求高和推理延迟问题,限制了其在实际场景中的应用。
- 本文提出的PaCKD方法通过聚类内存访问序列并训练模式特定的教师模型,最终蒸馏出一个轻量级的学生模型,从而实现模型压缩。
- 实验表明,学生模型在保持F1-score的情况下,实现了552倍的模型压缩,相较于标准知识蒸馏方法提升了8.70%的性能。
📝 摘要(中文)
深度神经网络(DNN)在内存访问预测(MAP)中表现出色,但现有模型因参数众多而面临存储和推理延迟问题,限制了其实际应用。本文提出了PaCKD,一种模式聚类知识蒸馏方法,旨在压缩MAP模型,同时保持预测性能。该方法通过将内存访问序列聚类、训练特定模式的教师模型以及蒸馏知识至轻量级学生模型,显著提高了模型的效率。实验结果表明,学生模型在压缩比达552倍的情况下,保持了较高的F1-score,优于传统知识蒸馏方法。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有内存访问预测模型在存储和推理延迟方面的不足,尤其是由于参数过多导致的实际应用困难。
核心思路:PaCKD方法通过将内存访问序列聚类为不同模式,训练模式特定的教师模型,并将其知识蒸馏到一个轻量级的学生模型中,从而实现模型的有效压缩。
技术框架:该方法分为三个主要阶段:首先对内存访问序列进行聚类;其次,为每个聚类训练一个大型的模式特定教师模型;最后,通过知识蒸馏训练一个轻量级的学生模型。
关键创新:PaCKD的创新在于通过模式聚类来提高知识蒸馏的效率,使得学生模型在压缩比和性能之间取得更好的平衡,与传统的知识蒸馏方法相比,显著提升了模型的压缩效果。
关键设计:在模型训练过程中,采用了特定的损失函数来优化学生模型的学习过程,并在网络结构上设计了适合不同模式的教师模型,以确保知识的有效传递。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,PaCKD方法的学生模型在仅有5.406M参数的情况下,F1-score为0.4538,尽管性能略有下降(1.92%),但实现了552倍的模型压缩。此外,相较于标准知识蒸馏方法,提升了8.70%的性能,显示出其优越性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究在内存访问预测领域具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其是在需要高效数据预取的系统中,如高性能计算、云计算和边缘计算等场景。通过压缩模型,能够在资源受限的环境中实现更快的推理速度和更低的存储需求,推动智能系统的实际应用。未来,该方法还可以扩展到其他深度学习模型的压缩和优化中。
📄 摘要(原文)
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven to be effective models for accurate Memory Access Prediction (MAP), a critical task in mitigating memory latency through data prefetching. However, existing DNN-based MAP models suffer from the challenges such as significant physical storage space and poor inference latency, primarily due to their large number of parameters. These limitations render them impractical for deployment in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose PaCKD, a Pattern-Clustered Knowledge Distillation approach to compress MAP models while maintaining the prediction performance. The PaCKD approach encompasses three steps: clustering memory access sequences into distinct partitions involving similar patterns, training large pattern-specific teacher models for memory access prediction for each partition, and training a single lightweight student model by distilling the knowledge from the trained pattern-specific teachers. We evaluate our approach on LSTM, MLP-Mixer, and ResNet models, as they exhibit diverse structures and are widely used for image classification tasks in order to test their effectiveness in four widely used graph applications. Compared to the teacher models with 5.406M parameters and an F1-score of 0.4626, our student models achieve a 552$\times$ model size compression while maintaining an F1-score of 0.4538 (with a 1.92% performance drop). Our approach yields an 8.70% higher result compared to student models trained with standard knowledge distillation and an 8.88% higher result compared to student models trained without any form of knowledge distillation.