Learning to Generate Explainable Stock Predictions using Self-Reflective Large Language Models

📄 arXiv: 2402.03659v3 📥 PDF

作者: Kelvin J. L. Koa, Yunshan Ma, Ritchie Ng, Tat-Seng Chua

分类: cs.LG, cs.CL, q-fin.ST

发布日期: 2024-02-06 (更新: 2024-02-29)

备注: WWW 2024

DOI: 10.1145/3589334.3645611


💡 一句话要点

提出SEP框架以解决股票预测解释性不足的问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 股票预测 可解释性 大型语言模型 自反性学习 近端策略优化 深度学习 金融科技

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有股票预测模型在解释性方面存在不足,传统方法仅依赖于可视化注意力权重,难以提供深入的解释。
  2. 本文提出的SEP框架结合自反性代理和PPO,使LLM能够自主学习生成可解释的股票预测,避免了人工标注的需求。
  3. 实验结果表明,使用SEP框架的LLM在股票分类任务中预测准确性和马修斯相关系数上均优于传统方法和其他LLM。

📝 摘要(中文)

解释股票预测通常是传统非生成深度学习模型面临的挑战,现有方法仅能通过可视化注意力权重来提供有限的解释。大型语言模型(LLMs)因其生成可读解释的能力,为此问题提供了解决方案。然而,股票预测对LLMs而言仍具挑战性,因为需要评估混乱社交文本对股价的影响。为此,本文提出了自反性代理和近端策略优化(PPO)相结合的Summarize-Explain-Predict(SEP)框架,使LLM能够自主生成可解释的股票预测。通过这种方法,LLM在预测准确性和马修斯相关系数上超越了传统深度学习和LLM方法。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决股票预测中解释性不足的问题,现有方法依赖于可视化注意力权重,无法深入理解模型决策背后的原因,且需要大量人工标注数据,成本高且难以扩展。

核心思路:提出的SEP框架通过自反性代理和PPO,使LLM能够自主学习如何生成可解释的股票预测,反思过去的股票变动并生成相应的解释,从而提高模型的解释能力和预测准确性。

技术框架:SEP框架主要包括三个模块:自反性代理负责通过自我推理解释历史股票变动,PPO训练器则利用反思过程中生成的响应作为训练样本,优化LLM生成最可能的解释。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于通过自反性学习和PPO结合,消除了对人工标注样本的依赖,使得LLM能够在没有专家注释的情况下进行有效的学习和解释生成。

关键设计:在训练过程中,PPO的损失函数设计为最大化生成解释的可能性,网络结构则基于现有的LLM架构进行微调,以适应股票预测和解释生成的任务需求。该设计确保了模型在生成解释时的准确性和一致性。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,使用SEP框架的LLM在股票分类任务中,预测准确性显著提高,马修斯相关系数也优于传统深度学习和其他LLM方法,具体提升幅度达到X%(具体数据待补充)。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括金融市场分析、投资决策支持系统和智能交易平台。通过提供可解释的股票预测,投资者能够更好地理解市场动态,从而做出更为明智的投资决策。未来,该框架还可扩展至其他领域的预测任务,提升模型的透明度和信任度。

📄 摘要(原文)

Explaining stock predictions is generally a difficult task for traditional non-generative deep learning models, where explanations are limited to visualizing the attention weights on important texts. Today, Large Language Models (LLMs) present a solution to this problem, given their known capabilities to generate human-readable explanations for their decision-making process. However, the task of stock prediction remains challenging for LLMs, as it requires the ability to weigh the varying impacts of chaotic social texts on stock prices. The problem gets progressively harder with the introduction of the explanation component, which requires LLMs to explain verbally why certain factors are more important than the others. On the other hand, to fine-tune LLMs for such a task, one would need expert-annotated samples of explanation for every stock movement in the training set, which is expensive and impractical to scale. To tackle these issues, we propose our Summarize-Explain-Predict (SEP) framework, which utilizes a self-reflective agent and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to let a LLM teach itself how to generate explainable stock predictions in a fully autonomous manner. The reflective agent learns how to explain past stock movements through self-reasoning, while the PPO trainer trains the model to generate the most likely explanations from input texts. The training samples for the PPO trainer are also the responses generated during the reflective process, which eliminates the need for human annotators. Using our SEP framework, we fine-tune a LLM that can outperform both traditional deep-learning and LLM methods in prediction accuracy and Matthews correlation coefficient for the stock classification task. To justify the generalization capability of our framework, we further test it on the portfolio construction task, and demonstrate its effectiveness through various portfolio metrics.