Communication-Efficient Multimodal Federated Learning: Joint Modality and Client Selection
作者: Liangqi Yuan, Dong-Jun Han, Su Wang, Devesh Upadhyay, Christopher G. Brinton
分类: cs.LG, cs.DC
发布日期: 2024-01-30 (更新: 2026-03-11)
备注: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2310.07048
💡 一句话要点
提出MFedMC以解决多模态联邦学习中的通信效率问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 多模态联邦学习 通信效率 模态选择 客户端选择 模型泛化 解耦架构 Shapley值分析
📋 核心要点
- 多模态联邦学习面临的主要挑战是客户端模态多样性和通信限制,导致现有方法无法有效处理。
- MFedMC通过解耦模态编码器和融合模块,采用选择性上传策略来提高通信效率和模型泛化能力。
- 在五个真实世界数据集上的实验表明,MFedMC在准确性上与基线方法相当,同时通信开销降低超过20倍。
📝 摘要(中文)
多模态联邦学习(MFL)旨在丰富在多个模态下进行的联邦学习模型训练。然而,在异构网络环境中,MFL面临着未解决的关键挑战,尤其是每个客户端收集的模态集合多样性和通信限制。本文提出了一种通信高效的多模态联邦学习框架MFedMC,通过解耦架构和选择性上传来应对这些挑战。与传统的整体融合方法不同,MFedMC将模态编码器与融合模块分开,模态编码器在服务器上聚合以实现跨客户端分布的泛化,而融合模块则保留在每个客户端以适应个性化的模态配置和数据特征。实验结果表明,MFedMC在五个真实世界数据集上实现了与多个基线相当的准确性,同时将通信开销减少了超过20倍。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决多模态联邦学习中的通信效率问题,尤其是在客户端模态多样性和通信限制的情况下,现有方法无法有效利用所有模态信息。
核心思路:MFedMC的核心思路是通过解耦模态编码器和融合模块来提高通信效率,模态编码器在服务器端聚合以实现泛化,而融合模块则在客户端本地进行个性化适应。
技术框架:MFedMC的整体架构包括模态选择和客户端选择两个主要模块。模态选择基于Shapley值分析评估模态影响、编码器大小和更新频率;客户端选择则依据每个客户端的模态编码器的局部损失进行。
关键创新:MFedMC的主要创新在于其解耦设计,使得模态编码器和融合模块可以独立优化,从而在保证模型性能的同时显著降低通信开销。
关键设计:在设计中,模态选择考虑了模态的影响力、编码器的通信开销和更新频率,客户端选择则基于局部损失进行优化,确保选择的客户端能够有效提升全局模型性能。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,MFedMC在五个真实世界数据集上实现了与多个基线方法相当的准确性,同时通信开销减少超过20倍,显著提升了多模态联邦学习的效率和实用性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括医疗健康、智能家居和自动驾驶等多个需要处理多模态数据的场景。通过提高通信效率,MFedMC能够在资源受限的环境中实现更高效的模型训练,推动边缘计算和物联网的发展。未来,该方法可能会在更广泛的多模态学习任务中得到应用,提升模型的泛化能力和适应性。
📄 摘要(原文)
Multimodal federated learning (MFL) aims to enrich model training in FL settings where clients are collecting measurements across multiple modalities. However, key challenges to MFL remain unaddressed, particularly in heterogeneous network settings where: (i) the set of modalities collected by each client is diverse, and (ii) communication limitations prevent clients from uploading all their locally trained modality encoders to the server. In this paper, we propose Multimodal Federated learning with joint Modality and Client selection (MFedMC), a communication-efficient MFL framework that tackles these challenges through a decoupled architecture and selective uploading. Unlike traditional holistic fusion approaches, MFedMC separates modality encoders and fusion modules: modality encoders are aggregated at the server for generalization across diverse client distributions, while fusion modules remain local to each client for personalized adaptation to individual modality configurations and data characteristics. Building on this decoupled design, our joint selection algorithm incorporates two main components: (a) A modality selection methodology for each client, which weighs (i) the impact of the modality, gauged by Shapley value analysis, (ii) the modality encoder size as a gauge of communication overhead, and (iii) the frequency of modality encoder updates, denoted recency, to enhance generalizability. (b) A client selection strategy for the server based on the local loss of modality encoders at each client. Experiments on five real-world datasets demonstrate that MFedMC achieves comparable accuracy to several baselines while reducing communication overhead by over 20$\times$. A demo video and our code are available at https://liangqiy.com/mfedmc/.