Non-Neighbors Also Matter to Kriging: A New Contrastive-Prototypical Learning
作者: Zhishuai Li, Yunhao Nie, Ziyue Li, Lei Bai, Yisheng Lv, Rui Zhao
分类: cs.LG, cs.AI
发布日期: 2024-01-23
备注: Accepted in AISTATS 2024
🔗 代码/项目: GITHUB
💡 一句话要点
提出对Kriging的新对比原型学习以解决邻居信息不足问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱八:物理动画 (Physics-based Animation)
关键词: Kriging 对比学习 原型学习 自监督学习 地理信息系统 属性估计 数据增强
📋 核心要点
- 现有Kriging方法过于依赖邻居信息,忽视了非邻居的潜在贡献,可能导致估计不准确。
- 本文提出的KCP方法通过对比学习和原型学习相结合,能够有效提炼邻居和非邻居的信息。
- 在真实数据集上的实验结果显示,KCP相比于其他方法提升了6%的性能,具备良好的迁移性和鲁棒性。
📝 摘要(中文)
Kriging旨在从空间邻近或物理连接的观察中估计未采样地理位置的属性,帮助缓解因传感器部署不足而导致的监测偏差。现有研究假设邻居的信息是估计未观察目标属性的基础,但忽视了非邻居也可能提供有价值的信息。为此,本文提出了一种“对比原型”自监督学习方法(KCP),旨在从邻居中提炼有价值的信息,并回收非邻居的信息。通过设计邻居对比模块和原型模块,KCP能够有效地学习稳健的表示,从而提高Kriging任务的表现。大量实验证明,KCP在真实数据集上相较于其他方法提升了6%的性能,并展现出卓越的迁移性和鲁棒性。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文解决Kriging方法中对邻居信息过度依赖的问题,现有方法未能充分利用非邻居的信息,导致估计结果可能不准确。
核心思路:KCP通过对比学习和原型学习相结合,旨在从邻居中提炼有用信息,同时回收非邻居的信息,以提高属性估计的准确性。
技术框架:KCP的整体架构包括邻居对比模块和原型模块。邻居对比模块通过缩小目标与邻居之间的表示距离来学习表示,而原型模块则通过交换预测来识别相似表示,从而优化邻居和非邻居的信息利用。
关键创新:KCP的创新在于引入了邻居对比和原型模块的结合,使得不仅邻居信息被利用,非邻居信息也能被有效回收,突破了传统Kriging方法的局限。
关键设计:在设计上,KCP采用了自适应增强模块,结合数据驱动的属性增强和基于中心性的拓扑增强,以促进模型学习到更为稳健和通用的表示。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
在大量实验中,KCP在真实数据集上相较于其他基线方法提升了6%的性能,展现出卓越的迁移性和鲁棒性,验证了其在Kriging任务中的有效性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括地理信息系统、环境监测、资源管理等。通过提高Kriging的估计准确性,KCP能够在传感器部署不足的情况下,提供更为可靠的地理属性估计,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Kriging aims at estimating the attributes of unsampled geo-locations from observations in the spatial vicinity or physical connections, which helps mitigate skewed monitoring caused by under-deployed sensors. Existing works assume that neighbors' information offers the basis for estimating the attributes of the unobserved target while ignoring non-neighbors. However, non-neighbors could also offer constructive information, and neighbors could also be misleading. To this end, we propose ``Contrastive-Prototypical'' self-supervised learning for Kriging (KCP) to refine valuable information from neighbors and recycle the one from non-neighbors. As a pre-trained paradigm, we conduct the Kriging task from a new perspective of representation: we aim to first learn robust and general representations and then recover attributes from representations. A neighboring contrastive module is designed that coarsely learns the representations by narrowing the representation distance between the target and its neighbors while pushing away the non-neighbors. In parallel, a prototypical module is introduced to identify similar representations via exchanged prediction, thus refining the misleading neighbors and recycling the useful non-neighbors from the neighboring contrast component. As a result, not all the neighbors and some of the non-neighbors will be used to infer the target. To encourage the two modules above to learn general and robust representations, we design an adaptive augmentation module that incorporates data-driven attribute augmentation and centrality-based topology augmentation over the spatiotemporal Kriging graph data. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of KCP compared to its peers with 6% improvements and exceptional transferability and robustness. The code is available at https://github.com/bonaldli/KCP