MoVA: Adapting Mixture of Vision Experts to Multimodal Context

📄 arXiv: 2404.13046v2 📥 PDF

作者: Zhuofan Zong, Bingqi Ma, Dazhong Shen, Guanglu Song, Hao Shao, Dongzhi Jiang, Hongsheng Li, Yu Liu

分类: cs.CV

发布日期: 2024-04-19 (更新: 2024-10-31)

备注: NeurIPS 2024


💡 一句话要点

提出MoVA以解决多模态视觉理解的偏差问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 多模态学习 视觉编码器 专家路由 任务特定知识 模型泛化能力

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的视觉编码器如CLIP在一般图像理解上表现优异,但在文档和图表内容上效果不佳,存在偏差问题。
  2. 本文提出MoVA,通过上下文感知的专家路由和混合视觉专家适配器,动态选择和融合任务特定的视觉专家。
  3. 实验表明,MoVA在多项多模态基准测试中显著提升了性能,超越了当前的最先进方法。

📝 摘要(中文)

在多模态大型语言模型(MLLMs)中,视觉编码器的能力对图像内容的理解至关重要。尽管现有的预训练视觉编码器如CLIP和DINOv2表现良好,但仍未有单一编码器能够全面理解各种图像内容。为此,本文提出了MoVA,一个通过粗到细机制自适应路由和融合任务特定视觉专家的强大新型MLLM。该方法在粗粒度阶段设计了上下文感知的专家路由策略,动态选择最合适的视觉专家;在细粒度阶段,利用混合视觉专家适配器(MoV-Adapter)提取和融合任务特定知识。实验结果表明,MoVA在多项具有挑战性的多模态基准测试中显著超越了现有最先进的方法。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决现有视觉编码器在多模态理解中的偏差问题,尤其是CLIP在特定内容(如文档和图表)上的不足。

核心思路:提出MoVA,通过粗到细的机制自适应路由和融合任务特定的视觉专家,充分利用大语言模型的理解能力。

技术框架:MoVA的整体架构包括两个主要阶段:粗粒度阶段通过上下文感知的专家路由策略选择合适的视觉专家,细粒度阶段利用MoV-Adapter提取和融合专家知识。

关键创新:MoVA的创新在于其动态路由机制和混合视觉专家适配器的设计,使其能够根据多模态上下文自适应选择专家,显著提升了模型的泛化能力。

关键设计:在设计中,专家路由策略考虑用户指令、输入图像及专家的专业领域,MoV-Adapter则负责在细粒度阶段提取任务特定知识,确保信息的有效融合。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

在多项具有挑战性的多模态基准测试中,MoVA显著提升了性能,相较于当前最先进的方法,性能提升幅度达到XX%(具体数据待补充),展示了其在多模态理解任务中的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能文档分析、数据可视化理解和多模态内容生成等。通过提升视觉理解能力,MoVA可为多种实际场景提供更精准的支持,推动相关领域的技术进步和应用落地。

📄 摘要(原文)

As the key component in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), the ability of the visual encoder greatly affects MLLM's understanding on diverse image content. Although some large-scale pretrained vision encoders such as vision encoders in CLIP and DINOv2 have brought promising performance, we found that there is still no single vision encoder that can dominate various image content understanding, e.g., the CLIP vision encoder leads to outstanding results on general image understanding but poor performance on document or chart content. To alleviate the bias of CLIP vision encoder, we first delve into the inherent behavior of different pre-trained vision encoders and then propose the MoVA, a powerful and novel MLLM, adaptively routing and fusing task-specific vision experts with a coarse-to-fine mechanism. In the coarse-grained stage, we design a context-aware expert routing strategy to dynamically select the most suitable vision experts according to the user instruction, input image, and expertise of vision experts. This benefits from the powerful model function understanding ability of the large language model (LLM). In the fine-grained stage, we elaborately conduct the mixture-of-vision-expert adapter (MoV-Adapter) to extract and fuse task-specific knowledge from various experts. This coarse-to-fine paradigm effectively leverages representations from experts based on multimodal context and model expertise, further enhancing the generalization ability. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Without any bells and whistles, MoVA can achieve significant performance gains over current state-of-the-art methods in a wide range of challenging multimodal benchmarks.