Pre-trained Vision-Language Models Learn Discoverable Visual Concepts

📄 arXiv: 2404.12652v2 📥 PDF

作者: Yuan Zang, Tian Yun, Hao Tan, Trung Bui, Chen Sun

分类: cs.CV, cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.LG

发布日期: 2024-04-19 (更新: 2025-01-13)

备注: Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2025


💡 一句话要点

提出概念发现与学习框架以提升视觉语言模型的概念理解能力

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 视觉语言模型 概念发现 多模态学习 视觉识别 互信息 神经符号推理 人机交互

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的视觉语言模型在定义和评估视觉概念时存在策略差异,导致结论不一致。
  2. 我们提出了一种基于视觉和语言互信息的新概念发现与学习框架,以识别多样化的视觉概念。
  3. 实验结果表明,预训练的VLMs能够学习到准确的视觉概念,提升了对象识别的描述能力。

📝 摘要(中文)

本文探讨了视觉语言模型(VLMs)在图像描述中是否同时学习到视觉概念,如颜色和纹理。我们提出了一种新的概念定义策略,旨在通过视觉和语言的互信息来识别多样化的通用视觉概念。通过在六个不同的视觉识别数据集上进行定量和人工评估,结果表明预训练的VLMs确实能够学习到准确且全面的视觉概念。所有代码和模型均已公开发布。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决视觉语言模型在学习视觉概念时的定义和评估不一致的问题,现有方法未能有效捕捉视觉概念的多样性和准确性。

核心思路:我们提出了一种新的概念定义策略,利用视觉和文本的互信息来选择和排名视觉概念,从而避免了错误的概念识别。

技术框架:我们的框架包括概念发现与学习(CDL)模块,首先通过视觉信息和文本提示进行概念识别,然后基于互信息进行概念的选择和排序。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于引入了视觉和语言互信息的结合,确保所识别的概念不仅准确而且具有广泛的适用性,与现有方法相比,提供了更为全面的视觉概念理解。

关键设计:在设计中,我们关注了概念提示的选择,避免了使用可能导致错误识别的快捷方式,同时在损失函数和模型结构上进行了优化,以提升模型的学习效果。

🖼️ 关键图片

fig_0
fig_1
fig_2

📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,预训练的视觉语言模型在六个视觉识别数据集上表现出色,能够准确识别并描述视觉概念,提升了对象识别的准确性和全面性。具体而言,模型在多个基线测试中表现出显著的性能提升,验证了我们提出的方法的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括神经符号推理、人机交互和可解释的对象分类等。通过提升视觉语言模型对视觉概念的理解能力,可以在智能助手、自动驾驶和机器人视觉等领域实现更高效的应用,推动相关技术的发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

Do vision-language models (VLMs) pre-trained to caption an image of a "durian" learn visual concepts such as "brown" (color) and "spiky" (texture) at the same time? We aim to answer this question as visual concepts learned "for free" would enable wide applications such as neuro-symbolic reasoning or human-interpretable object classification. We assume that the visual concepts, if captured by pre-trained VLMs, can be extracted by their vision-language interface with text-based concept prompts. We observe that recent works prompting VLMs with concepts often differ in their strategies to define and evaluate the visual concepts, leading to conflicting conclusions. We propose a new concept definition strategy based on two observations: First, certain concept prompts include shortcuts that recognize correct concepts for wrong reasons; Second, multimodal information (e.g. visual discriminativeness, and textual knowledge) should be leveraged when selecting the concepts. Our proposed concept discovery and learning (CDL) framework is thus designed to identify a diverse list of generic visual concepts (e.g. "spiky" as opposed to "spiky durian"), which are ranked and selected based on visual and language mutual information. We carefully design quantitative and human evaluations of the discovered concepts on six diverse visual recognition datasets, which confirm that pre-trained VLMs do learn visual concepts that provide accurate and thorough descriptions for the recognized objects. All code and models are publicly released.