TrACT: A Training Dynamics Aware Contrastive Learning Framework for Long-tail Trajectory Prediction

📄 arXiv: 2404.12538v2 📥 PDF

作者: Junrui Zhang, Mozhgan Pourkeshavarz, Amir Rasouli

分类: cs.CV, cs.LG

发布日期: 2024-04-18 (更新: 2024-04-30)

备注: 2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)


💡 一句话要点

提出TrACT框架以解决长尾轨迹预测问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control) 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)

关键词: 长尾轨迹预测 对比学习 自动驾驶 上下文信息 训练动态 深度学习 模型重训练

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有方法在复杂场景下的表现不佳,主要由于这些场景在训练数据中较少,导致模型学习不足。
  2. 本文提出了一种两阶段的对比学习框架TrACT,通过引入上下文信息和训练动态信息来改善轨迹预测。
  3. 实验证明,TrACT在长尾样本上提高了准确性和场景一致性,达到了最先进的性能,减少了训练偏差。

📝 摘要(中文)

在自动驾驶这一安全关键任务中,准确预测道路用户的未来轨迹至关重要,尤其是在复杂场景下。然而,许多深度学习方法在这些挑战性场景中的表现较差,主要是因为这些场景在训练数据中出现频率较低。为了解决这一长尾问题,现有方法通常依赖运动模式来表征场景,忽略了更具信息量的上下文信息。本文提出了一种新的对比学习框架TrACT,通过引入丰富的训练动态信息,结合原型对比学习,显著提高了长尾样本的预测准确性和场景一致性。实验证明,该方法在两个大规模自然数据集上达到了最先进的性能。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决自动驾驶中长尾轨迹预测的问题,现有方法主要依赖运动模式,忽略了上下文信息,导致在复杂场景下性能下降。

核心思路:提出TrACT框架,通过引入丰富的训练动态信息,结合原型对比学习,增强模型对复杂场景的学习能力,从而提高预测准确性和场景一致性。

技术框架:整体流程分为两个阶段:第一阶段使用基线编码器-解码器框架生成丰富的上下文特征,并根据模型输出误差将特征划分为多个簇;第二阶段在对比学习框架中使用这些簇的原型进行模型重训练。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于将训练动态信息与上下文特征结合,形成新的对比学习策略,与传统方法相比,能够更好地捕捉复杂场景中的信息。

关键设计:在特征聚类过程中,采用模型输出误差作为划分依据,计算每个簇的原型,并在重训练阶段使用对比损失函数来优化模型,确保模型能够有效学习到长尾样本的特征。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,TrACT在两个大规模自然数据集上达到了最先进的性能,特别是在长尾样本上,准确性提高了XX%,场景一致性提升了YY%。与基线方法相比,TrACT显著减少了训练偏差,验证了其有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括自动驾驶、智能交通系统和机器人导航等。通过提高长尾样本的预测准确性,TrACT框架能够增强自动驾驶系统在复杂场景下的安全性和可靠性,推动智能交通技术的发展。未来,该方法还可以扩展到其他需要处理不平衡数据的领域,如人机交互和行为预测等。

📄 摘要(原文)

As a safety critical task, autonomous driving requires accurate predictions of road users' future trajectories for safe motion planning, particularly under challenging conditions. Yet, many recent deep learning methods suffer from a degraded performance on the challenging scenarios, mainly because these scenarios appear less frequently in the training data. To address such a long-tail issue, existing methods force challenging scenarios closer together in the feature space during training to trigger information sharing among them for more robust learning. These methods, however, primarily rely on the motion patterns to characterize scenarios, omitting more informative contextual information, such as interactions and scene layout. We argue that exploiting such information not only improves prediction accuracy but also scene compliance of the generated trajectories. In this paper, we propose to incorporate richer training dynamics information into a prototypical contrastive learning framework. More specifically, we propose a two-stage process. First, we generate rich contextual features using a baseline encoder-decoder framework. These features are split into clusters based on the model's output errors, using the training dynamics information, and a prototype is computed within each cluster. Second, we retrain the model using the prototypes in a contrastive learning framework. We conduct empirical evaluations of our approach using two large-scale naturalistic datasets and show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance by improving accuracy and scene compliance on the long-tail samples. Furthermore, we perform experiments on a subset of the clusters to highlight the additional benefit of our approach in reducing training bias.