Heracles: A Hybrid SSM-Transformer Model for High-Resolution Image and Time-Series Analysis

📄 arXiv: 2403.18063v2 📥 PDF

作者: Badri N. Patro, Suhas Ranganath, Vinay P. Namboodiri, Vijay S. Agneeswaran

分类: cs.CV, cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.LG, cs.MM

发布日期: 2024-03-26 (更新: 2024-06-03)

🔗 代码/项目: GITHUB


💡 一句话要点

提出Heracles模型以解决高分辨率图像和时间序列分析问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)

关键词: 高分辨率图像 状态空间模型 Transformer 注意力机制 时间序列分析 计算机视觉 实例分割

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的Transformer模型在处理高分辨率图像时面临归纳偏差和高复杂度的挑战,导致效率低下。
  2. Heracles模型通过结合局部和全局SSM,以及注意力机制,来有效捕捉图像的局部和全局信息。
  3. 实验结果表明,Heracles在多个数据集上实现了最先进的性能,尤其是在ImageNet上达到了86.4%的顶级准确率。

📝 摘要(中文)

Transformers在图像建模任务中取得了革命性进展,但在处理高分辨率图像时面临归纳偏差和高复杂度的问题。状态空间模型(SSMs)提供了另一种解决方案,但在大规模网络时不稳定,并且对局部信息的处理能力不足。为了解决这些挑战,本文提出了Heracles,一个结合局部SSM、全局SSM和基于注意力的令牌交互模块的新型SSM。Heracles在ImageNet数据集上实现了84.5%的顶级准确率,并在CIFAR-10、CIFAR-100等数据集上表现出色,展示了其跨领域的泛化能力。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决高分辨率图像和时间序列分析中的信息捕捉问题。现有的Transformer和SSM方法在处理大规模网络时不稳定,并且对局部信息的捕捉能力不足。

核心思路:Heracles模型通过整合局部SSM和全局SSM,结合注意力机制,旨在同时有效捕捉图像的局部细节和全局信息。这种设计使得模型在处理高分辨率图像时更加高效。

技术框架:Heracles的整体架构包括三个主要模块:局部SSM用于捕捉局部信息,基于Hartley核的全局SSM用于捕捉全局信息,以及在深层中实现的注意力机制用于令牌交互。

关键创新:Heracles的主要创新在于其独特的模块组合,特别是将局部和全局信息捕捉结合在一起,克服了传统SSM在处理局部信息时的不足。

关键设计:模型的设计包括使用Hartley核的状态空间模型、局部卷积网络,以及在深层中应用的注意力机制,以增强令牌之间的交互。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

Heracles-C-small在ImageNet数据集上实现了84.5%的顶级准确率,而Heracles-C-Large和Heracles-C-Huge分别提高到85.9%和86.4%。此外,Heracles在CIFAR-10、CIFAR-100等数据集上表现优异,并在MSCOCO数据集的实例分割任务中也取得了显著成果。

🎯 应用场景

Heracles模型在计算机视觉和时间序列分析领域具有广泛的应用潜力。其高效的信息捕捉能力使其适用于图像分类、实例分割等任务,并可扩展到其他领域,如金融数据分析和生物信息学,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

Transformers have revolutionized image modeling tasks with adaptations like DeIT, Swin, SVT, Biformer, STVit, and FDVIT. However, these models often face challenges with inductive bias and high quadratic complexity, making them less efficient for high-resolution images. State space models (SSMs) such as Mamba, V-Mamba, ViM, and SiMBA offer an alternative to handle high resolution images in computer vision tasks. These SSMs encounter two major issues. First, they become unstable when scaled to large network sizes. Second, although they efficiently capture global information in images, they inherently struggle with handling local information. To address these challenges, we introduce Heracles, a novel SSM that integrates a local SSM, a global SSM, and an attention-based token interaction module. Heracles leverages a Hartely kernel-based state space model for global image information, a localized convolutional network for local details, and attention mechanisms in deeper layers for token interactions. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that Heracles-C-small achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ImageNet dataset with 84.5\% top-1 accuracy. Heracles-C-Large and Heracles-C-Huge further improve accuracy to 85.9\% and 86.4\%, respectively. Additionally, Heracles excels in transfer learning tasks on datasets such as CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, Oxford Flowers, and Stanford Cars, and in instance segmentation on the MSCOCO dataset. Heracles also proves its versatility by achieving state-of-the-art results on seven time-series datasets, showcasing its ability to generalize across domains with spectral data, capturing both local and global information. The project page is available at this link.\url{https://github.com/badripatro/heracles}