Active Open-Vocabulary Recognition: Let Intelligent Moving Mitigate CLIP Limitations
作者: Lei Fan, Jianxiong Zhou, Xiaoying Xing, Ying Wu
分类: cs.CV
发布日期: 2023-11-28
💡 一句话要点
提出主动开放词汇识别以解决CLIP局限性问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱三:空间感知与语义 (Perception & Semantics) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 主动识别 开放词汇 CLIP模型 具身AI 特征融合 智能体运动 物体分类
📋 核心要点
- 现有的开放词汇分类模型(如CLIP)在视角和遮挡的影响下表现不佳,限制了其在具身感知中的应用。
- 本文提出了一种新型智能体,通过利用帧间和概念间的相似性来主动识别开放词汇物体,避免了对类特定知识的依赖。
- 在ShapeNet数据集上,所提智能体的开放词汇识别准确率达到53.3%,显著高于基线CLIP模型的29.6%。
📝 摘要(中文)
主动识别允许智能体通过探索观察来提高识别性能,是各种具身AI任务的前提,如抓取、导航和房间布置。由于环境不断变化和物体类别众多,训练阶段无法包含所有可能的类别。本文旨在推进主动开放词汇识别,使具身智能体能够主动感知和分类任意物体。然而,直接采用最近的开放词汇分类模型(如CLIP)存在挑战,尤其是CLIP的性能受到视角和遮挡的影响,降低了其在无约束具身感知场景中的可靠性。为此,我们提出了一种新型智能体,利用帧间和概念间的相似性来导航智能体运动和融合特征,而不依赖于特定类别的知识。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文解决的问题是如何在具身智能体中实现主动开放词汇识别,尤其是在视角变化和遮挡情况下,现有的CLIP模型表现不稳定,影响了识别的可靠性。
核心思路:论文的核心思路是通过智能体的主动探索来提高识别性能,利用帧间和概念间的相似性来优化智能体的运动和特征融合,而不依赖于特定的类标签。
技术框架:整体架构包括智能体的运动控制模块和特征融合模块。智能体根据环境反馈调整其观察视角,并通过相似性计算来整合不同观察的特征,以增强分类能力。
关键创新:最重要的技术创新点在于提出了一种不依赖于类特定知识的主动识别方法,通过智能体的动态探索来提升开放词汇识别的准确性,与传统方法相比具有更强的适应性。
关键设计:在参数设置上,采用了适应性调整的运动策略,损失函数设计上考虑了特征相似性和分类准确性,网络结构则结合了卷积神经网络和注意力机制,以增强特征提取能力。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
在ShapeNet数据集上,所提智能体的开放词汇识别准确率达到53.3%,相比于基线CLIP模型的29.6%有显著提升,提升幅度达到23.7%。在Habitat模拟器中的额外实验进一步验证了该方法的有效性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能机器人、自动驾驶、智能家居等,能够提升这些系统在复杂环境中的物体识别能力。未来,该方法可能推动具身AI在动态和不确定环境中的广泛应用,提升其自主决策能力和适应性。
📄 摘要(原文)
Active recognition, which allows intelligent agents to explore observations for better recognition performance, serves as a prerequisite for various embodied AI tasks, such as grasping, navigation and room arrangements. Given the evolving environment and the multitude of object classes, it is impractical to include all possible classes during the training stage. In this paper, we aim at advancing active open-vocabulary recognition, empowering embodied agents to actively perceive and classify arbitrary objects. However, directly adopting recent open-vocabulary classification models, like Contrastive Language Image Pretraining (CLIP), poses its unique challenges. Specifically, we observe that CLIP's performance is heavily affected by the viewpoint and occlusions, compromising its reliability in unconstrained embodied perception scenarios. Further, the sequential nature of observations in agent-environment interactions necessitates an effective method for integrating features that maintains discriminative strength for open-vocabulary classification. To address these issues, we introduce a novel agent for active open-vocabulary recognition. The proposed method leverages inter-frame and inter-concept similarities to navigate agent movements and to fuse features, without relying on class-specific knowledge. Compared to baseline CLIP model with 29.6% accuracy on ShapeNet dataset, the proposed agent could achieve 53.3% accuracy for open-vocabulary recognition, without any fine-tuning to the equipped CLIP model. Additional experiments conducted with the Habitat simulator further affirm the efficacy of our method.