Adaptive Shells for Efficient Neural Radiance Field Rendering
作者: Zian Wang, Tianchang Shen, Merlin Nimier-David, Nicholas Sharp, Jun Gao, Alexander Keller, Sanja Fidler, Thomas Müller, Zan Gojcic
分类: cs.CV, cs.GR
发布日期: 2023-11-16
备注: SIGGRAPH Asia 2023. Project page: research.nvidia.com/labs/toronto-ai/adaptive-shells/
💡 一句话要点
提出自适应外壳以提高神经辐射场渲染效率
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱三:空间感知与语义 (Perception & Semantics)
关键词: 神经辐射场 高效渲染 计算机图形学 虚拟现实 增强现实 样本优化 视觉保真度
📋 核心要点
- 现有神经辐射场方法在高分辨率图像渲染时需要大量样本,导致渲染效率低下。
- 本文提出了一种自适应外壳方法,通过在体积和表面渲染之间平滑过渡来提高渲染速度。
- 实验结果表明,该方法在渲染效率和视觉质量上均有显著提升,支持多种下游应用。
📝 摘要(中文)
神经辐射场在新视角合成中实现了前所未有的质量,但其体积化的表达方式仍然昂贵,需要大量样本来渲染高分辨率图像。基于这一点,本文提出了一种神经辐射场的表达方式,能够在体积渲染和表面渲染之间平滑过渡,从而显著加快渲染速度并提高视觉保真度。我们构建了一个显式的网格外壳,空间上界定了神经体积表示。在固体区域,外壳几乎收敛到表面,并且通常可以通过单个样本进行渲染。实验表明,该方法能够实现高保真的高效渲染,并且提取的外壳支持动画和模拟等下游应用。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有神经辐射场在高分辨率图像渲染中的高样本需求问题,导致渲染效率低下。
核心思路:提出了一种自适应外壳方法,通过构建显式网格外壳,在体积区域和表面区域之间平滑过渡,从而减少样本需求并提高渲染速度。
技术框架:整体架构包括构建网格外壳、学习空间变化的核大小、提取表面附近的显式网格以及在推理时仅在封闭区域内评估辐射场。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于引入了学习的空间变化核大小,使得在体积区域使用宽核而在表面区域使用紧核,从而实现高效渲染。
关键设计:关键参数包括核大小的学习机制,损失函数设计以适应不同区域的特性,以及网络结构的调整以支持高效的渲染过程。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,提出的方法在渲染速度上相比于传统神经辐射场方法提升了数倍,同时在视觉保真度上保持高水平,能够在单样本渲染下实现高质量输出。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括计算机图形学、虚拟现实和增强现实等,能够显著提高渲染效率和视觉质量,推动相关技术的发展。未来,该方法还可用于动画制作、游戏开发和实时模拟等场景,具有广泛的实际价值。
📄 摘要(原文)
Neural radiance fields achieve unprecedented quality for novel view synthesis, but their volumetric formulation remains expensive, requiring a huge number of samples to render high-resolution images. Volumetric encodings are essential to represent fuzzy geometry such as foliage and hair, and they are well-suited for stochastic optimization. Yet, many scenes ultimately consist largely of solid surfaces which can be accurately rendered by a single sample per pixel. Based on this insight, we propose a neural radiance formulation that smoothly transitions between volumetric- and surface-based rendering, greatly accelerating rendering speed and even improving visual fidelity. Our method constructs an explicit mesh envelope which spatially bounds a neural volumetric representation. In solid regions, the envelope nearly converges to a surface and can often be rendered with a single sample. To this end, we generalize the NeuS formulation with a learned spatially-varying kernel size which encodes the spread of the density, fitting a wide kernel to volume-like regions and a tight kernel to surface-like regions. We then extract an explicit mesh of a narrow band around the surface, with width determined by the kernel size, and fine-tune the radiance field within this band. At inference time, we cast rays against the mesh and evaluate the radiance field only within the enclosed region, greatly reducing the number of samples required. Experiments show that our approach enables efficient rendering at very high fidelity. We also demonstrate that the extracted envelope enables downstream applications such as animation and simulation.