Prompt Engineering Techniques for Mitigating Cultural Bias Against Arabs and Muslims in Large Language Models: A Systematic Review
作者: Bushra Asseri, Estabrag Abdelaziz, Areej Al-Wabil
分类: cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.CY, cs.HC
发布日期: 2025-06-22 (更新: 2025-07-30)
备注: Research is incomplete
💡 一句话要点
提出提示工程技术以缓解对阿拉伯人和穆斯林的文化偏见
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 文化偏见 提示工程 阿拉伯人 穆斯林 大型语言模型 伦理挑战 偏见减少 社会包容性
📋 核心要点
- 核心问题:现有大型语言模型在处理阿拉伯人和穆斯林时存在显著的文化偏见,导致刻板印象的延续。
- 方法要点:论文提出五种提示工程方法,包括文化提示、自我去偏见技术等,以减轻文化偏见。
- 实验或效果:结构化多步骤管道在偏见减少方面表现最佳,最高可达87.7%的偏见减少率。
📝 摘要(中文)
大型语言模型在多个领域展现出卓越能力,但对阿拉伯人和穆斯林的文化偏见引发了显著的伦理挑战,延续了有害的刻板印象。尽管对LLM中的偏见问题日益关注,专门针对阿拉伯和穆斯林表现的提示工程策略仍然缺乏研究。本文采用混合方法的系统评审,分析了2021至2024年间的8项实证研究,揭示了五种主要的提示工程方法。这些方法在减少偏见方面展现出潜力,但效果因研究和偏见类型而异。研究结果强调了提示工程在缓解文化偏见方面的可及性,并指出未来研究应关注文化适应性提示技术的开发。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:论文要解决的具体问题是大型语言模型中对阿拉伯人和穆斯林的文化偏见,现有方法未能有效应对这一挑战,导致偏见持续存在。
核心思路:论文的核心解决思路是通过提示工程技术,设计出能够有效减轻文化偏见的提示策略,特别是针对阿拉伯和穆斯林的表现。
技术框架:整体架构包括五种主要的提示工程方法:文化提示、情感引导、自我去偏见技术、结构化多步骤管道和参数优化的连续提示。这些方法通过不同的方式来调整模型的输出,减少偏见。
关键创新:最重要的技术创新点在于提出了结构化多步骤管道,这种方法在多项研究中显示出最高的偏见减少效果,与现有的单一提示方法相比,提供了更系统的解决方案。
关键设计:在设计中,采用了多种参数设置和技术细节,例如在结构化多步骤管道中需要更高的技术专长,而文化提示则更具可及性,适合更广泛的用户群体。具体的损失函数和网络结构细节在论文中进行了详细讨论。
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,结构化多步骤管道在偏见减少方面表现最佳,最高可实现87.7%的偏见减少率。其他方法如文化提示也展现出显著效果,表明提示工程在减轻文化偏见方面的有效性和潜力。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括自然语言处理、社会科学和人工智能伦理等。通过开发文化适应性提示技术,可以在教育、媒体和公共政策等领域促进更公平的对话和理解,减少文化偏见的影响,提升社会包容性。
📄 摘要(原文)
Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, yet concerns about cultural bias - particularly towards Arabs and Muslims - pose significant ethical challenges by perpetuating harmful stereotypes and marginalization. Despite growing recognition of bias in LLMs, prompt engineering strategies specifically addressing Arab and Muslim representation remain understudied. This mixed-methods systematic review examines such techniques, offering evidence-based guidance for researchers and practitioners. Following PRISMA guidelines and Kitchenham's systematic review methodology, we analyzed 8 empirical studies published between 2021-2024 investigating bias mitigation strategies. Our findings reveal five primary prompt engineering approaches: cultural prompting, affective priming, self-debiasing techniques, structured multi-step pipelines, and parameter-optimized continuous prompts. Although all approaches show potential for reducing bias, effectiveness varied substantially across studies and bias types. Evidence suggests that certain bias types may be more resistant to prompt-based mitigation than others. Structured multi-step pipelines demonstrated the highest overall effectiveness, achieving up to 87.7% reduction in bias, though they require greater technical expertise. Cultural prompting offers broader accessibility with substantial effectiveness. These results underscore the accessibility of prompt engineering for mitigating cultural bias without requiring access to model parameters. The limited number of studies identified highlights a significant research gap in this critical area. Future research should focus on developing culturally adaptive prompting techniques, creating Arab and Muslim-specific evaluation resources, and integrating prompt engineering with complementary debiasing methods to address deeper stereotypes while maintaining model utility.