Deep Learning and LLM-based Methods Applied to Stellar Lightcurve Classification
作者: Yu-Yang Li, Yu Bai, Cunshi Wang, Mengwei Qu, Ziteng Lu, Roberto Soria, Jifeng Liu
分类: astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.SR, cs.CL, cs.LG
发布日期: 2024-04-16 (更新: 2025-02-24)
备注: 35 pages, 20 figures
期刊: Intell Comput. 2025;4:0110
💡 一句话要点
提出深度学习与LLM方法以自动分类恒星光变曲线
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 深度学习 光变曲线 变星分类 大型语言模型 多模态模型 天文学 数据处理
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法在变星光曲线分类中面临数据量大和特征提取复杂的挑战,导致分类精度不足。
- 论文提出了基于深度学习和LLM的自动分类方法,利用大规模数据集和优化架构来提高分类性能。
- 实验结果显示,采用新模型后,分类准确率显著提升,尤其在识别稀有类型的变星时表现突出。
📝 摘要(中文)
光变曲线是恒星形成与演化的重要信息来源。随着机器学习技术的快速发展,本文对基于深度学习和大型语言模型(LLM)的方法进行了全面评估,旨在自动分类来自开普勒和K2任务的大型数据集中的变星光曲线。重点分析了造父变星、RR Lyrae和食双星的分类精度,并考察了观测节奏和相位分布的影响。通过AutoDL优化,采用1D卷积+BiLSTM架构和Swin Transformer,分别达到了94%和99%的准确率,后者在识别稀有的II型造父变星时表现出83%的准确率。我们还推出了StarWhisper光曲线系列,包含三种基于LLM的模型,展现了高达90%的准确率,显著减少了特征工程的需求,为天文数据的并行处理和多模态模型的发展铺平了道路。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决变星光曲线的自动分类问题,现有方法在处理大规模数据时面临特征提取复杂、分类精度不足等痛点。
核心思路:通过引入深度学习和大型语言模型(LLM),结合AutoDL优化,设计高效的分类模型,以提高对变星光曲线的分类精度和效率。
技术框架:整体架构包括数据预处理、模型训练和评估三个主要阶段。使用1D卷积+BiLSTM和Swin Transformer作为核心模型,进行分类任务。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于提出了StarWhisper光曲线系列,结合了多种LLM模型,显著减少了对特征工程的依赖,提升了分类效率。
关键设计:在模型设计中,采用了特定的超参数设置和损失函数,确保模型在处理不同类型的光曲线时具备良好的适应性和准确性。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,采用1D卷积+BiLSTM和Swin Transformer模型,分类准确率分别达到94%和99%。在识别稀有的II型造父变星时,准确率高达83%。此外,StarWhisper光曲线系列模型展现出约90%的准确率,显著减少了特征工程的需求。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括天文学中的恒星分类、光变曲线分析以及相关数据处理。通过提高分类精度和效率,研究成果可为天文观测和数据分析提供更为强大的工具,推动相关领域的发展。
📄 摘要(原文)
Light curves serve as a valuable source of information on stellar formation and evolution. With the rapid advancement of machine learning techniques, it can be effectively processed to extract astronomical patterns and information. In this study, we present a comprehensive evaluation of deep-learning and large language model (LLM) based models for the automatic classification of variable star light curves, based on large datasets from the Kepler and K2 missions. Special emphasis is placed on Cepheids, RR Lyrae, and eclipsing binaries, examining the influence of observational cadence and phase distribution on classification precision. Employing AutoDL optimization, we achieve striking performance with the 1D-Convolution+BiLSTM architecture and the Swin Transformer, hitting accuracies of 94\% and 99\% correspondingly, with the latter demonstrating a notable 83\% accuracy in discerning the elusive Type II Cepheids-comprising merely 0.02\% of the total dataset.We unveil StarWhisper LightCurve (LC), an innovative Series comprising three LLM-based models: LLM, multimodal large language model (MLLM), and Large Audio Language Model (LALM). Each model is fine-tuned with strategic prompt engineering and customized training methods to explore the emergent abilities of these models for astronomical data. Remarkably, StarWhisper LC Series exhibit high accuracies around 90\%, significantly reducing the need for explicit feature engineering, thereby paving the way for streamlined parallel data processing and the progression of multifaceted multimodal models in astronomical applications. The study furnishes two detailed catalogs illustrating the impacts of phase and sampling intervals on deep learning classification accuracy, showing that a substantial decrease of up to 14\% in observation duration and 21\% in sampling points can be realized without compromising accuracy by more than 10\%.