Compression Represents Intelligence Linearly

📄 arXiv: 2404.09937v2 📥 PDF

作者: Yuzhen Huang, Jinghan Zhang, Zifei Shan, Junxian He

分类: cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.IT, cs.LG

发布日期: 2024-04-15 (更新: 2024-08-19)

备注: COLM 2024. Data and code are available at https://github.com/hkust-nlp/llm-compression-intelligence


💡 一句话要点

提出压缩与智能线性关联的实证研究

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 大型语言模型 数据压缩 智能评估 自然语言处理 机器学习

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有研究对压缩与智能之间的关系缺乏实证支持,尤其是在大型语言模型的应用中。
  2. 本研究通过将大型语言模型视为数据压缩器,探索压缩能力与智能的线性关系。
  3. 在12个基准测试中,研究发现LLMs的智能与其压缩能力几乎呈线性相关,提供了新的评估标准。

📝 摘要(中文)

本研究探讨了压缩能力与智能之间的关系,特别是在大型语言模型(LLMs)的背景下。通过将LLMs视为数据压缩器,研究采用下游基准分数作为智能的替代指标,涵盖知识、常识、编码和数学推理等方面。研究结果显示,LLMs的智能水平与其压缩外部文本语料的能力几乎呈线性相关,提供了支持压缩能力与智能相关性的实证证据。此外,压缩效率作为一种无监督度量,可靠地与模型能力线性关联。研究团队还开源了压缩数据集和数据收集管道,以促进后续研究。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本研究旨在解决压缩能力与智能之间关系的实证缺乏的问题。现有方法未能有效量化这一关系,导致对智能的理解不够全面。

核心思路:研究将大型语言模型视为数据压缩器,利用下游基准分数作为智能的替代指标,从而探讨压缩能力与智能的线性关联。

技术框架:整体架构包括数据收集、压缩能力评估和智能水平测量三个主要模块。首先收集31个公共LLMs的数据,然后评估其压缩能力,最后通过12个基准测试评估智能水平。

关键创新:本研究的主要创新在于提供了压缩能力与智能之间的实证证据,揭示了二者之间的线性关系,这一发现与现有理论形成了鲜明对比。

关键设计:研究中采用了多种下游基准测试,涵盖知识、常识、编码和数学推理等领域,确保了评估的全面性和准确性。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,31个大型语言模型的智能水平与其压缩能力之间几乎呈线性相关,平均基准分数的提升幅度显著,验证了压缩效率作为智能评估指标的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括自然语言处理、智能系统设计和教育技术等。通过理解压缩与智能的关系,可以为开发更高效的语言模型和智能算法提供理论支持,推动人工智能的进一步发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

There is a belief that learning to compress well will lead to intelligence. Recently, language modeling has been shown to be equivalent to compression, which offers a compelling rationale for the success of large language models (LLMs): the development of more advanced language models is essentially enhancing compression which facilitates intelligence. Despite such appealing discussions, little empirical evidence is present for the interplay between compression and intelligence. In this work, we examine their relationship in the context of LLMs, treating LLMs as data compressors. Given the abstract concept of "intelligence", we adopt the average downstream benchmark scores as a surrogate, specifically targeting intelligence related to knowledge and commonsense, coding, and mathematical reasoning. Across 12 benchmarks, our study brings together 31 public LLMs that originate from diverse organizations. Remarkably, we find that LLMs' intelligence -- reflected by average benchmark scores -- almost linearly correlates with their ability to compress external text corpora. These results provide concrete evidence supporting the belief that superior compression indicates greater intelligence. Furthermore, our findings suggest that compression efficiency, as an unsupervised metric derived from raw text corpora, serves as a reliable evaluation measure that is linearly associated with the model capabilities. We open-source our compression datasets as well as our data collection pipelines to facilitate future researchers to assess compression properly.