Compass: Large Multilingual Language Model for South-east Asia

📄 arXiv: 2404.09220v1 📥 PDF

作者: Sophia Maria

分类: cs.CL

发布日期: 2024-04-14


💡 一句话要点

提出CompassLLM以解决东南亚语言资源匮乏问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 多语言模型 东南亚语言 低资源语言 课程学习 直接偏好优化 语言处理 模型微调

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有大型语言模型在东南亚语言中表现不佳,主要由于缺乏足够的语言资源,导致训练不足和词汇覆盖有限。
  2. 论文提出CompassLLM,通过多阶段预训练和课程学习,逐步增强对低资源语言的支持,并进行监督指令微调。
  3. 实验结果显示,CompassLLM在多个评估任务中超越了现有基准模型,特别是在印尼语等东南亚语言中表现突出。

📝 摘要(中文)

大型语言模型在资源丰富的语言(如英语和中文)中表现出色,但在资源匮乏的东南亚语言(如印尼语)中效果显著下降。为应对这一挑战,我们推出了CompassLLM,一个专门为东南亚语言设计的大型多语言模型,旨在支持Shopee的发展需求。我们的研究采用了多阶段预训练策略和课程学习,逐步增强对低资源语言的关注,并通过高质量的多语言人类指令库进行监督指令微调,最终通过直接偏好优化(DPO)强化模型与人类偏好的对齐。初步评估表明,CompassLLM在多个评估任务中超越了Vicuna-7b-v1.5、Sealion、Falcon和SeaLLM等基准模型,尤其在东南亚语言中表现优异。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本研究旨在解决东南亚语言(如印尼语)在大型语言模型中的表现不足问题,现有方法在资源匮乏的语言上训练效果不佳,词汇覆盖和评估过程存在挑战。

核心思路:我们提出CompassLLM,通过多阶段预训练策略和课程学习,逐步增强对低资源语言的关注,并结合高质量的多语言人类指令库进行微调,以提高模型的实用性和准确性。

技术框架:CompassLLM的整体架构包括多阶段预训练、监督指令微调和直接偏好优化三个主要模块。首先,通过多阶段预训练逐步引入低资源语言,然后进行微调以适应人类指令,最后通过DPO优化模型的输出。

关键创新:本研究的主要创新在于结合课程学习和DPO策略,使模型能够更好地适应低资源语言的特性,并有效提升其与人类偏好的对齐程度。

关键设计:在模型训练中,我们设置了多个阶段的学习率调整和损失函数设计,确保模型在不同阶段能够有效学习低资源语言的特征,同时优化网络结构以提高模型的表达能力。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,CompassLLM在多个评估任务中表现优异,超越了Vicuna-7b-v1.5、Sealion、Falcon和SeaLLM等基准模型,尤其在印尼语等东南亚语言中,模型的性能提升幅度显著,验证了其在低资源语言处理中的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

CompassLLM的研究成果在东南亚地区的多语言应用中具有广泛的潜在价值,能够支持电商、社交媒体和教育等领域的语言处理需求。未来,该模型有望推动低资源语言的研究和应用,促进语言技术的普及与发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

Large language models have exhibited significant proficiency in languages endowed with extensive linguistic resources, such as English and Chinese. Nevertheless, their effectiveness notably diminishes when applied to languages characterized by limited linguistic resources, particularly within the Southeast Asian linguistic landscape, such as Indonesian. The scarcity of linguistic resources for these languages presents challenges associated with inadequate training, restricted vocabulary coverage, and challenging evaluation processes. In response to these exigencies, we have introduced CompassLLM, a large multilingual model specifically tailored for Southeast Asian languages, with the primary aim of supporting the developmental requirements of Shopee. Our methodology encompasses several key strategies. To progressively enhance multilingual proficiencies, we implemented a multi-stage pre-training strategy integrated with curriculum learning, gradually intensifying the focus on low-resource languages. Concurrently, to better accommodate low-resource human instructions, we curated and generated a repository of high-quality multilingual human instructions, culminating the CompassLLM-SFT model through supervised instruction fine-tuning. Finally, to reinforce the model's alignment with human preference behaviors, we have embraced the principle of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to obtain CompassLLM-DPO model. Preliminary evaluation of the CompassLLM model yields promising results, with our model surpassing benchmark models like Vicuna-7b-v1.5, Sealion, Falcon and SeaLLM, across diverse evaluation tasks, as verified through both automated and human-driven assessments. Notably, our model exhibits its superior performance in South-east Asia languages, such as Indonesian language.