Visually Descriptive Language Model for Vector Graphics Reasoning

📄 arXiv: 2404.06479v5 📥 PDF

作者: Zhenhailong Wang, Joy Hsu, Xingyao Wang, Kuan-Hao Huang, Manling Li, Jiajun Wu, Heng Ji

分类: cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.CV

发布日期: 2024-04-09 (更新: 2025-06-12)

备注: Project page: https://mikewangwzhl.github.io/VDLM/

期刊: TMLR 2025

🔗 代码/项目: PROJECT_PAGE


💡 一句话要点

提出视觉描述语言模型以解决矢量图形推理问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 视觉描述模型 矢量图形 多模态推理 原始视觉描述 深度学习 图形处理 可解释性

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有大型多模态模型在低级视觉感知与高级语言推理之间存在显著差距,尤其在几何属性比较和视觉推理问题上表现不佳。
  2. 论文提出视觉描述语言模型(VDLM),利用原始视觉描述(PVD)将矢量图形转换为文本抽象,从而实现更精确的视觉感知与推理。
  3. 实验结果表明,VDLM在多模态感知和推理任务上显著提升了现有模型的性能,且在无人工标注数据的情况下依然表现优异。

📝 摘要(中文)

尽管大型多模态模型(LMMs)取得了显著进展,但在低级视觉感知与高级语言推理之间仍存在差距。本文聚焦于矢量图形,提出视觉描述语言模型(VDLM),通过引入原始视觉描述(PVD)作为中间文本表示,改善视觉细节捕捉与高层推理能力。VDLM在无人工标注数据的情况下,显著提升了现有LMMs在多模态感知和推理任务上的表现,展示了更好的可解释性和任务性能相关性。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决大型多模态模型在处理矢量图形时,低级视觉感知与高级语言推理之间的断层,现有方法在几何属性比较和视觉推理任务上表现不足。

核心思路:提出视觉描述语言模型(VDLM),引入原始视觉描述(PVD)作为中间文本表示,能够将矢量图形的细节信息转化为结构化的文本形式,从而提高模型的视觉理解和推理能力。

技术框架:VDLM的整体架构包括三个主要模块:首先,通过SVG编码捕捉视觉场景的细节;其次,利用PVD将SVG转换为文本抽象;最后,基于PVD进行高层次的推理和理解。

关键创新:VDLM的核心创新在于引入PVD作为中间表示,解决了SVG在零样本推理中的可解释性问题,使得模型能够更好地进行视觉推理,与现有方法相比,提供了更为结构化的视觉信息。

关键设计:在模型设计中,PVD的学习采用了任务无关的合成数据,确保了其通用性;此外,模型的损失函数和网络结构经过优化,以提高对视觉原语的捕捉能力和推理效果。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,VDLM在多个多模态感知和推理任务上显著超越了现有的LMMs,如GPT-4o,提升幅度达到20%以上,且在无人工标注数据的情况下,依然展现出优异的性能和可解释性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括网页设计、图形软件和操作系统界面等,能够为多模态交互提供更精准的视觉理解和推理支持,未来可能推动智能设计工具和自动化图形处理的发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

Despite significant advancements, large multimodal models (LMMs) still struggle to bridge the gap between low-level visual perception -- focusing on shapes, sizes, and layouts -- and high-level language reasoning, such as semantics and logic. This limitation is evident in tasks that require precise visual perception, like comparing geometric properties or solving visual reasoning problems. To study this failure mode, we focus on vector graphics -- images composed of 2D objects and shapes, prevalent in LMM-based tasks in web, design, and OS environments. We identify two key research questions: how can we enable precise visual perception, and how can we facilitate high-level reasoning based on such low-level perceptions? To capture fine visual details, we use Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) for accurate encoding of visual scenes. However, SVGs are not readily interpretable by LMMs in a zero-shot manner. To tackle this, we propose the Visually Descriptive Language Model (VDLM), which introduces a Primal Visual Description (PVD) as an intermediate textual representation. PVD translates SVGs into a text-based abstraction consisting of primitive attributes (e.g., shape, position, measurement) and their corresponding values. PVD can be learned using task-agnostic synthesized data and represents visual primitives that are universal across vector graphics. This abstraction is more structured, allowing for direct interpretation by foundation models for zero-shot generalization. Without human-annotated data, empirical results show that VDLM significantly improves state-of-the-art LMMs like GPT-4o on various multimodal perception and reasoning tasks. Extensive analyses of VDLM show improved interpretability due to its disentangled perception and reasoning. We also demonstrate a positive correlation between PVD quality and task performance. Project page: https://mikewangwzhl.github.io/VDLM/