Detecting Bias in Large Language Models: Fine-tuned KcBERT
作者: J. K. Lee, T. M. Chung
分类: cs.CL
发布日期: 2024-03-16
备注: 14 pages, 5 figures
💡 一句话要点
提出KcBERT模型以检测和缓解社会偏见问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 社会偏见 KcBERT 去偏见正则化 数据平衡 自然语言处理 模型微调 韩语模型
📋 核心要点
- 现有大型语言模型在处理社会问题时可能产生主观性和歧视性语言,导致社会偏见的产生。
- 论文提出通过微调KcBERT模型,结合数据平衡和去偏见正则化的方法来缓解社会偏见。
- 实验结果显示,微调后的模型在民族偏见上有所改善,但在性别和种族偏见上仍需进一步优化。
📝 摘要(中文)
随着大型语言模型(LLMs)的快速发展,自然语言处理能力已接近人类水平,广泛应用于教育和医疗等社会领域。然而,这些模型可能生成主观和规范性语言,导致社会群体间的歧视性对待或结果。本文定义这种危害为社会偏见,并通过使用KcBERT模型和KOLD数据评估了模型在种族、性别和民族偏见方面的表现。实验结果表明,经过微调的模型在民族偏见上有所减少,但在性别和种族偏见上仍存在显著变化。为此,本文提出了两种缓解社会偏见的方法,分别是在预训练阶段进行数据平衡和在训练阶段应用去偏见正则化。我们的贡献在于证明了由于语言依赖特性,韩语模型中存在社会偏见。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决大型语言模型中存在的社会偏见问题,尤其是在韩语模型中,现有方法未能有效识别和缓解这些偏见。
核心思路:通过微调KcBERT模型,并结合数据平衡和去偏见正则化的方法,调整模型在训练过程中的数据分布和损失函数,以减少偏见的影响。
技术框架:整体架构包括两个主要阶段:预训练阶段进行数据平衡,确保特定词汇的均匀分布;训练阶段应用去偏见正则化,调整dropout和正则化参数以降低训练损失。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于提出了针对韩语模型的社会偏见检测和缓解方法,强调了语言依赖特性对偏见的影响,与现有方法相比具有针对性和有效性。
关键设计:在数据平衡中,通过调整特定词汇的出现频率和将有害词汇转换为无害词汇来优化数据集;在去偏见正则化中,调整dropout率和正则化参数,以实现更低的训练损失。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,经过微调的KcBERT模型在民族偏见上减少了显著性,但在性别和种族偏见上仍需改进。具体而言,微调模型在LPBS和CBS指标上表现出更低的偏见水平,验证了提出方法的有效性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括教育、医疗和社交媒体等,能够帮助开发更公平的语言模型,减少对特定社会群体的偏见影响。未来,这一方法可推广至其他语言模型,提升其在多样性和包容性方面的表现。
📄 摘要(原文)
The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled natural language processing capabilities similar to those of humans, and LLMs are being widely utilized across various societal domains such as education and healthcare. While the versatility of these models has increased, they have the potential to generate subjective and normative language, leading to discriminatory treatment or outcomes among social groups, especially due to online offensive language. In this paper, we define such harm as societal bias and assess ethnic, gender, and racial biases in a model fine-tuned with Korean comments using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (KcBERT) and KOLD data through template-based Masked Language Modeling (MLM). To quantitatively evaluate biases, we employ LPBS and CBS metrics. Compared to KcBERT, the fine-tuned model shows a reduction in ethnic bias but demonstrates significant changes in gender and racial biases. Based on these results, we propose two methods to mitigate societal bias. Firstly, a data balancing approach during the pre-training phase adjusts the uniformity of data by aligning the distribution of the occurrences of specific words and converting surrounding harmful words into non-harmful words. Secondly, during the in-training phase, we apply Debiasing Regularization by adjusting dropout and regularization, confirming a decrease in training loss. Our contribution lies in demonstrating that societal bias exists in Korean language models due to language-dependent characteristics.