Large Language Models as an Indirect Reasoner: Contrapositive and Contradiction for Automated Reasoning

📄 arXiv: 2402.03667v2 📥 PDF

作者: Yanfang Zhang, Yiliu Sun, Yibing Zhan, Dapeng Tao, Dacheng Tao, Chen Gong

分类: cs.CL, cs.AI

发布日期: 2024-02-06 (更新: 2025-01-27)

备注: Accepted by COLING 2025 conference


💡 一句话要点

提出直接-间接推理方法以提升大语言模型的推理能力

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 大语言模型 推理能力 直接推理 间接推理 逻辑推理 数学证明 提示模板 机器学习

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有方法主要依赖直接推理,忽视了间接推理,导致大语言模型在处理现实世界的推理任务时表现不佳。
  2. 本文提出直接-间接推理(DIR)方法,将直接推理和间接推理视为多个并行路径,通过特定提示模板激发间接推理能力。
  3. 实验结果显示,DIR方法结合多种基线方法在逻辑推理和数学证明任务上显著提升了性能,超越了所有原始方法。

📝 摘要(中文)

近年来,提升大语言模型(LLMs)进行复杂推理的能力受到越来越多的关注。现有方法如链式思维(CoT)通过设计合适的提示或将复杂问题分解为更易处理的子问题来增强推理能力。然而,现有方法主要依赖直接推理(DR),忽视了间接推理(IR),导致LLMs在解决现实世界中的IR任务时面临困难。为此,本文提出了一种直接-间接推理(DIR)方法,将DR和IR视为多个并行推理路径,并通过构建包含对立和矛盾原则的提示模板来激发LLMs实现IR。实验结果表明,DIR方法在多个逻辑推理和数学证明相关数据集上显著优于现有方法。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决大语言模型在间接推理任务中的不足,现有方法过于依赖直接推理,导致在复杂推理场景中的表现不佳。

核心思路:提出直接-间接推理(DIR)方法,通过将直接推理和间接推理视为多个并行路径,利用对立和矛盾的原则设计提示模板,激发模型的间接推理能力。

技术框架:DIR方法的整体架构包括提示模板的设计、推理路径的并行处理以及最终答案的合并。主要模块包括直接推理模块和间接推理模块,二者通过逻辑推理结合得出最终结论。

关键创新:DIR方法的创新在于同时考虑直接和间接推理,利用逻辑等价性增强模型对推理规则的理解,这与现有方法的单一推理路径形成鲜明对比。

关键设计:在提示模板设计中,结合了对立和矛盾的逻辑原则,促使模型假设结论的否定为真,并与前提结合进行推导,提升了推理的准确性和有效性。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,DIR方法在四个逻辑推理和数学证明相关数据集上显著优于所有原始方法,提升幅度达到XX%(具体数据待补充),展示了其在复杂推理任务中的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括自然语言处理、智能问答系统和自动推理工具等。通过提升大语言模型的推理能力,能够更好地处理复杂的逻辑推理任务,具有重要的实际价值和广泛的应用前景。

📄 摘要(原文)

Recently, increasing attention has been focused on improving the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning. Advanced methods, such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and its variants, are found to enhance their reasoning skills by designing suitable prompts or breaking down complex problems into more manageable sub-problems. However, little concentration has been put on exploring the reasoning process, \textit{i.e.}, we discovered that most methods resort to Direct Reasoning (DR) and disregard Indirect Reasoning (IR). This can make LLMs difficult to solve IR tasks, which are often encountered in the real world. To address this issue, we propose a Direct-Indirect Reasoning (DIR) method, which considers DR and IR as multiple parallel reasoning paths that are merged to derive the final answer. We stimulate LLMs to implement IR by crafting prompt templates incorporating the principles of contrapositive and contradiction. These templates trigger LLMs to assume the negation of the conclusion as true, combine it with the premises to deduce a conclusion, and utilize the logical equivalence of the contrapositive to enhance their comprehension of the rules used in the reasoning process. Our DIR method is simple yet effective and can be straightforwardly integrated with existing variants of CoT methods. Experimental results on four datasets related to logical reasoning and mathematic proof demonstrate that our DIR method, when combined with various baseline methods, significantly outperforms all the original methods.