CO2: Efficient Distributed Training with Full Communication-Computation Overlap

📄 arXiv: 2401.16265v1 📥 PDF

作者: Weigao Sun, Zhen Qin, Weixuan Sun, Shidi Li, Dong Li, Xuyang Shen, Yu Qiao, Yiran Zhong

分类: cs.CL, cs.DC

发布日期: 2024-01-29

备注: ICLR 2024 Spotlight. Yiran Zhong is the corresponding author. Code is available at: https://github.com/OpenNLPLab/CO2


💡 一句话要点

提出CO2以解决大规模分布式训练的通信带宽限制问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 分布式训练 大规模模型 异步通信 局部更新 收敛性增强 计算机视觉 自然语言处理

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的大规模分布式训练方法在高带宽集群中表现优异,但在带宽受限的环境下难以实现高效训练。
  2. CO2方法通过局部更新和异步通信,促进了通信与计算的完全重叠,从而提高了训练效率和可扩展性。
  3. 实验表明,CO2在多达128个A100 GPU的配置下,能够在不同的网络连接条件下显著提升收敛性和可扩展性。

📝 摘要(中文)

大型语言模型的成功依赖于高效的大规模分布式训练技术。然而,构建高性能集群的成本高昂且仅限于大型机构。本文提出CO2方法,通过引入局部更新和异步通信,实现通信与计算的完全重叠,从而降低了大规模训练的门槛。CO2在有限带宽的多节点集群上仍能实现高可扩展性,并结合延迟惩罚和外部动量剪切技术,增强收敛性和训练稳定性。实验结果表明,CO2在计算机视觉和自然语言处理任务中表现出色,能够显著提升可扩展性。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决在带宽受限的环境下进行大规模分布式训练的效率问题。现有方法通常依赖于高带宽通信,导致在资源有限的情况下性能下降。

核心思路:CO2方法通过引入局部更新和异步通信机制,实现了通信与计算的完全重叠。这种设计使得在有限带宽条件下,训练过程中的通信开销得以显著降低,从而提高了整体训练效率。

技术框架:CO2的整体架构包括局部更新模块、异步通信模块和收敛性增强模块。局部更新模块负责在每个节点上进行模型参数的局部更新,异步通信模块则负责在节点间传递更新信息,而收敛性增强模块则通过引入延迟惩罚和外部动量剪切来提高训练的稳定性。

关键创新:CO2的主要创新在于实现了通信与计算的完全重叠,结合局部更新和异步通信,显著提升了在带宽受限环境下的训练效率。这一方法与传统的同步通信方式形成了鲜明对比。

关键设计:在CO2中,延迟惩罚用于控制参数更新的时效性,外部动量剪切则用于防止模型在训练过程中的不稳定。此外,CO2与ZeRO系列优化器的无缝集成,进一步降低了大规模模型训练的内存消耗。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

在实验中,CO2在多达128个A100 GPU的配置下,展现出卓越的收敛性和可扩展性。无论是在800Gbps RDMA还是80Gbps TCP/IP的网络连接条件下,CO2均能显著提高训练效率,展示出其在带宽受限环境中的强大能力。

🎯 应用场景

CO2方法在计算机视觉和自然语言处理等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。通过降低大规模训练的门槛,更多研究机构和企业能够利用有限的资源进行高效的模型训练。这将推动相关领域的研究进展,并促进AI技术的普及与应用。

📄 摘要(原文)

The fundamental success of large language models hinges upon the efficacious implementation of large-scale distributed training techniques. Nevertheless, building a vast, high-performance cluster featuring high-speed communication interconnectivity is prohibitively costly, and accessible only to prominent entities. In this work, we aim to lower this barrier and democratize large-scale training with limited bandwidth clusters. We propose a new approach called CO2 that introduces local-updating and asynchronous communication to the distributed data-parallel training, thereby facilitating the full overlap of COmunication with COmputation. CO2 is able to attain a high scalability even on extensive multi-node clusters constrained by very limited communication bandwidth. We further propose the staleness gap penalty and outer momentum clipping techniques together with CO2 to bolster its convergence and training stability. Besides, CO2 exhibits seamless integration with well-established ZeRO-series optimizers which mitigate memory consumption of model states with large model training. We also provide a mathematical proof of convergence, accompanied by the establishment of a stringent upper bound. Furthermore, we validate our findings through an extensive set of practical experiments encompassing a wide range of tasks in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing. These experiments serve to demonstrate the capabilities of CO2 in terms of convergence, generalization, and scalability when deployed across configurations comprising up to 128 A100 GPUs. The outcomes emphasize the outstanding capacity of CO2 to hugely improve scalability, no matter on clusters with 800Gbps RDMA or 80Gbps TCP/IP inter-node connections.