Routoo: Learning to Route to Large Language Models Effectively
作者: Alireza Mohammadshahi, Arshad Rafiq Shaikh, Majid Yazdani
分类: cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG
发布日期: 2024-01-25 (更新: 2024-10-02)
💡 一句话要点
提出Routoo以有效选择大型语言模型应对高成本问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 大型语言模型 推理成本 性能预测 成本感知选择 自然语言处理 模型选择优化 MMLU基准测试
📋 核心要点
- 现有大型语言模型在提供高质量响应的同时,推理成本高,导致部署效率低下。
- Routoo通过性能预测器和成本感知选择器优化LLMs选择,平衡质量与成本,显著降低推理成本。
- 在MMLU基准测试中,Routoo的推理成本降低三分之一,同时在相同成本下准确率超过Mixtral模型5%以上。
📝 摘要(中文)
大型语言模型(LLMs)通常具有优越的响应质量,但其推理成本较高,导致部署效率低下。为了解决质量与成本之间的平衡问题,本文提出了Routoo架构,旨在根据性能、成本和效率优化LLMs的选择。Routoo由性能预测器和成本感知选择器两部分组成,前者是一个轻量级LLM,能够在不执行模型的情况下估计不同LLMs在特定提示上的预期性能,后者则根据这些预测和成本、延迟等约束选择最合适的模型。实验表明,Routoo在57个领域的MMLU基准测试中,推理成本降低三分之一,同时在允许增加成本的情况下,准确率超过Mixtral模型5%以上,显示出显著的成本效益和性能提升。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决大型语言模型在推理过程中的高成本问题,现有方法在质量和成本之间缺乏有效的平衡机制。
核心思路:Routoo通过引入性能预测器和成本感知选择器,优化LLMs的选择过程,使得在满足质量要求的前提下,能够显著降低推理成本。
技术框架:Routoo的整体架构包括两个主要模块:性能预测器和成本感知选择器。性能预测器负责在不执行模型的情况下,评估不同LLMs在特定提示上的预期性能;成本感知选择器则根据这些评估结果和约束条件(如成本和延迟)选择最合适的模型。
关键创新:Routoo的核心创新在于引入了轻量级的性能预测器,使得在选择模型时能够快速评估其性能,避免了高成本的推理过程。这一设计与现有方法的本质区别在于,Routoo能够在不牺牲质量的情况下,显著降低推理成本。
关键设计:在设计中,性能预测器采用轻量级LLM架构,能够快速响应并提供准确的性能预测;成本感知选择器则结合了多种约束条件,确保选择的模型在满足质量要求的同时,推理成本最低。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
在实验中,Routoo在57个领域的MMLU基准测试中,推理成本降低了三分之一,同时在允许增加成本的情况下,准确率超过Mixtral模型5%以上,达到了75.9%的准确率。整合GPT4后,Routoo在成本降低25%的情况下,几乎匹配了GPT4的性能,显示出其在成本效益和性能上的显著优势。
🎯 应用场景
Routoo的研究成果在多个领域具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其是在需要高效推理的自然语言处理任务中。通过优化模型选择,Routoo能够帮助企业和研究机构降低成本,提高响应速度,推动大型语言模型的实际应用。此外,该方法的灵活性使其适用于多种场景,如智能客服、内容生成和数据分析等。
📄 摘要(原文)
LLMs with superior response quality--particularly larger or closed-source models--often come with higher inference costs, making their deployment inefficient and costly. Meanwhile, developing foundational LLMs from scratch is becoming increasingly resource-intensive and impractical for many applications. To address the challenge of balancing quality and cost, we introduce Routoo, an architecture designed to optimize the selection of LLMs for specific prompts based on performance, cost, and efficiency. Routoo provides controllability over the trade-off between inference cost and quality, enabling significant reductions in inference costs for a given quality requirement. Routoo comprises two key components: a performance predictor and cost-aware selector. The performance predictor is a lightweight LLM that estimates the expected performance of various underlying LLMs on a given prompt without executing them. The cost-aware selector module then selects the most suitable model based on these predictions and constraints such as cost and latency, significantly reducing inference costs for the same quality. We evaluated Routoo using the MMLU benchmark across 57 domains employing open-source models. Our results show that Routoo matches the performance of the Mixtral 8x7b model while reducing inference costs by one-third. Additionally, by allowing increased costs, Routoo surpasses Mixtral's accuracy by over 5% at equivalent costs, achieving an accuracy of 75.9%. When integrating GPT4 into our model pool, Routoo nearly matches GPT4's performance at half the cost and exceeds it with a 25% cost reduction. These outcomes highlight Routoo's potential to significantly reduce inference costs without compromising quality, and even to establish new state-of-the-art results by leveraging the collective capabilities of multiple LLMs.