Evaluation of General Large Language Models in Contextually Assessing Semantic Concepts Extracted from Adult Critical Care Electronic Health Record Notes

📄 arXiv: 2401.13588v1 📥 PDF

作者: Darren Liu, Cheng Ding, Delgersuren Bold, Monique Bouvier, Jiaying Lu, Benjamin Shickel, Craig S. Jabaley, Wenhui Zhang, Soojin Park, Michael J. Young, Mark S. Wainwright, Gilles Clermont, Parisa Rashidi, Eric S. Rosenthal, Laurie Dimisko, Ran Xiao, Joo Heung Yoon, Carl Yang, Xiao Hu

分类: cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.SE

发布日期: 2024-01-24


💡 一句话要点

提出综合评估框架以提升LLMs在临床环境中的应用效果

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 大型语言模型 临床评估 医疗数据处理 重症护理 模型性能 提示策略 专家注释

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的评估方法主要集中在问答任务,无法充分反映LLMs在复杂临床环境中的表现。
  2. 本文提出了一种综合评估框架,通过临床医生的注释和裁定,系统性地分析LLMs在处理真实临床笔记中的能力。
  3. 实验结果显示,GPT-4的表现优于其他模型,且在适当提示下,GPT-3.5和text-davinci-003也有显著提升。

📝 摘要(中文)

随着医疗领域对大型语言模型(LLMs)关注度的提升,其在实际临床应用中的表现尚未得到充分探讨。传统的基于问答的评估方法无法全面捕捉复杂的语境,因此需要更深入的评估方法。本文旨在通过系统的分析方法评估LLMs在成人重症护理医学中的表现,采用临床医生注释和裁定的方式进行分析。研究结果表明,GPT-4在整体表现上优于其他模型,而GPT-3.5和text-davinci-003在适当的提示策略下也展现出良好的性能。本文开发的综合评估框架为未来LLMs在专业领域的评估奠定了基准。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在评估大型语言模型在成人重症护理医学中的表现,现有的基于问答的评估方法未能捕捉复杂的临床语境,导致对模型能力的低估。

核心思路:通过系统的分析方法,结合临床医生的注释和裁定,深入评估LLMs在理解和处理临床笔记中的能力,确保评估的全面性和准确性。

技术框架:研究采用MetaMap提取150份临床笔记中的概念,并由9名临床医生进行标注。通过不同的提示策略,评估每个LLM对概念的时态和否定的理解能力。

关键创新:本文开发的综合评估框架超越了单一性能指标,结合专家注释,验证了LLMs在处理复杂医疗数据中的能力,并为未来的评估提供了基准。

关键设计:研究中使用的提示策略和评估标准经过精心设计,以确保能够准确捕捉模型在临床环境中的表现,具体参数设置和损失函数的选择未在摘要中详细说明。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,GPT-4在整体性能上优于其他模型,尤其在处理复杂临床笔记时表现突出。同时,GPT-3.5和text-davinci-003在适当的提示策略下也展现出显著的性能提升,表明提示策略对LLMs的影响不可忽视。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括医疗记录分析、临床决策支持和患者管理等。通过提升LLMs在复杂医疗数据处理中的能力,能够为临床医生提供更为精准的辅助决策工具,进而改善患者护理质量。未来,该框架还可扩展至其他专业领域的LLMs评估。

📄 摘要(原文)

The field of healthcare has increasingly turned its focus towards Large Language Models (LLMs) due to their remarkable performance. However, their performance in actual clinical applications has been underexplored. Traditional evaluations based on question-answering tasks don't fully capture the nuanced contexts. This gap highlights the need for more in-depth and practical assessments of LLMs in real-world healthcare settings. Objective: We sought to evaluate the performance of LLMs in the complex clinical context of adult critical care medicine using systematic and comprehensible analytic methods, including clinician annotation and adjudication. Methods: We investigated the performance of three general LLMs in understanding and processing real-world clinical notes. Concepts from 150 clinical notes were identified by MetaMap and then labeled by 9 clinicians. Each LLM's proficiency was evaluated by identifying the temporality and negation of these concepts using different prompts for an in-depth analysis. Results: GPT-4 showed overall superior performance compared to other LLMs. In contrast, both GPT-3.5 and text-davinci-003 exhibit enhanced performance when the appropriate prompting strategies are employed. The GPT family models have demonstrated considerable efficiency, evidenced by their cost-effectiveness and time-saving capabilities. Conclusion: A comprehensive qualitative performance evaluation framework for LLMs is developed and operationalized. This framework goes beyond singular performance aspects. With expert annotations, this methodology not only validates LLMs' capabilities in processing complex medical data but also establishes a benchmark for future LLM evaluations across specialized domains.