Deciphering Textual Authenticity: A Generalized Strategy through the Lens of Large Language Semantics for Detecting Human vs. Machine-Generated Text
作者: Mazal Bethany, Brandon Wherry, Emet Bethany, Nishant Vishwamitra, Anthony Rios, Peyman Najafirad
分类: cs.CL, cs.LG
发布日期: 2024-01-17 (更新: 2024-04-03)
💡 一句话要点
提出T5LLMCipher以解决机器生成文本检测问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 机器生成文本 文本检测 大型语言模型 T5编码器 嵌入子聚类 文本分类 信息真实性 自然语言处理
📋 核心要点
- 现有检测方法在真实场景中难以适应多样化的生成器和文本领域,导致检测效果不佳。
- 本文提出T5LLMCipher,通过结合预训练的T5编码器和LLM嵌入子聚类,增强了对机器生成文本的检测能力。
- 实验结果显示,T5LLMCipher在9个机器生成文本系统和9个领域上,F1分数平均提升19.6%,准确率达到93.6%。
📝 摘要(中文)
随着大型语言模型(LLMs)的广泛应用,检测机器生成文本的工具需求日益增加。现有检测方法在真实场景中面临两大挑战:一是难以适应多样化的生成器和领域,二是通常采用二元分类的限制视角,忽视了不同LLMs生成文本的细微差异。本文系统研究了机器生成文本的检测,提出了一种新系统T5LLMCipher,结合预训练的T5编码器和LLM嵌入子聚类,显著提高了对多样化生成器和领域的检测能力。实验表明,该方法在未见生成器和领域上,F1分数平均提升19.6%,并以93.6%的准确率正确归属文本生成器。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有机器生成文本检测方法在多样化生成器和领域中的适应性不足问题。现有方法通常采用二元分类,无法有效捕捉不同LLMs生成文本的多样性和复杂性。
核心思路:论文提出的T5LLMCipher系统,利用预训练的T5编码器进行文本表示,并结合LLM嵌入的子聚类技术,以增强对不同生成器文本的检测能力。这样的设计旨在提高模型的泛化能力,使其能够在真实世界的多样化场景中表现良好。
技术框架:T5LLMCipher的整体架构包括数据预处理、文本嵌入生成、嵌入子聚类和分类模块。首先,输入文本通过T5编码器生成嵌入,然后进行子聚类,最后通过分类器进行生成器归属的预测。
关键创新:T5LLMCipher的主要创新在于结合了预训练的T5模型与嵌入子聚类方法,突破了传统二元分类的限制,能够更好地处理多样化的文本生成情况。与现有方法相比,T5LLMCipher在泛化能力上有显著提升。
关键设计:在模型设计中,选择了适当的损失函数以优化分类性能,并在嵌入生成和聚类过程中进行了参数调优,以确保模型在不同生成器和领域上的适应性。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,T5LLMCipher在9个机器生成文本系统和9个领域上,F1分数平均提升19.6%,显著优于现有最佳方法。同时,该系统在文本生成器归属的准确率达到93.6%,展现出强大的检测能力。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括学术写作、社交媒体内容审核、新闻报道等,能够有效识别机器生成的文本,维护信息的真实性和可靠性。随着LLMs的不断发展,T5LLMCipher的技术可为文本生成的监管提供重要支持,促进人机协作的健康发展。
📄 摘要(原文)
With the recent proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been an increasing demand for tools to detect machine-generated text. The effective detection of machine-generated text face two pertinent problems: First, they are severely limited in generalizing against real-world scenarios, where machine-generated text is produced by a variety of generators, including but not limited to GPT-4 and Dolly, and spans diverse domains, ranging from academic manuscripts to social media posts. Second, existing detection methodologies treat texts produced by LLMs through a restrictive binary classification lens, neglecting the nuanced diversity of artifacts generated by different LLMs. In this work, we undertake a systematic study on the detection of machine-generated text in real-world scenarios. We first study the effectiveness of state-of-the-art approaches and find that they are severely limited against text produced by diverse generators and domains in the real world. Furthermore, t-SNE visualizations of the embeddings from a pretrained LLM's encoder show that they cannot reliably distinguish between human and machine-generated text. Based on our findings, we introduce a novel system, T5LLMCipher, for detecting machine-generated text using a pretrained T5 encoder combined with LLM embedding sub-clustering to address the text produced by diverse generators and domains in the real world. We evaluate our approach across 9 machine-generated text systems and 9 domains and find that our approach provides state-of-the-art generalization ability, with an average increase in F1 score on machine-generated text of 19.6\% on unseen generators and domains compared to the top performing existing approaches and correctly attributes the generator of text with an accuracy of 93.6\%.