Improving the Robustness of Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue via Contrastive Learning

📄 arXiv: 2401.04361v1 📥 PDF

作者: Jiaan Wang, Jianfeng Qu, Kexin Wang, Zhixu Li, Wen Hua, Ximing Li, An Liu

分类: cs.CL, cs.AI

发布日期: 2024-01-09

备注: Accepted by AAAI 2024


💡 一句话要点

提出基于对比学习的框架以提升知识驱动对话的鲁棒性

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 知识驱动对话 对比学习 鲁棒性提升 实体信息 自然语言处理 噪声处理 响应生成

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的知识驱动对话系统在面对真实世界的噪声时表现出鲁棒性不足,影响其应用效果。
  2. 本文提出了一种基于实体的对比学习框架,通过生成正负样本来增强模型对扰动的敏感性。
  3. 实验结果显示,该方法在自动评估分数上达到了新的最先进水平,并在噪声和少量样本设置下生成了更优响应。

📝 摘要(中文)

知识驱动对话(KGD)旨在根据对话上下文和外部知识生成信息丰富的响应。近年来,随着大型语言模型和预训练技术的兴起,KGD取得了显著进展。然而,实际应用中存在各种噪声,如拼写错误和缩写,知识图谱也可能存在不完整和过时的信息,这些都对KGD系统的鲁棒性构成挑战。本文提出了一种基于实体的对比学习框架,通过利用KGD样本中的实体信息生成正负样本,确保模型能够识别语义相关和无关的扰动,从而在噪声输入下生成有效响应。实验结果表明,该方法在三个基准数据集上实现了新的最先进性能,验证了其有效性和潜力。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文解决的是知识驱动对话系统在面对真实世界噪声(如拼写错误、缩写等)时的鲁棒性问题。现有方法在处理这些扰动时表现不佳,导致生成的响应信息不足或不准确。

核心思路:论文的核心思路是利用实体信息生成正负样本,通过对比学习使模型能够识别语义相关和无关的扰动,从而提升其在噪声输入下的响应能力。

技术框架:整体架构包含数据预处理、样本生成、对比学习模块和响应生成模块。首先,从KGD样本中提取实体信息,然后生成包含扰动的正负样本,最后通过对比学习训练模型以增强其鲁棒性。

关键创新:最重要的技术创新点在于引入了基于实体的对比学习框架,使模型能够有效区分不同类型的扰动,这与传统方法的单一训练方式有本质区别。

关键设计:在参数设置上,采用了适应性损失函数以平衡正负样本的影响,同时在网络结构中引入了多层次的特征提取模块,以增强模型对复杂输入的处理能力。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,提出的方法在三个基准数据集上实现了新的最先进性能,自动评估分数显著提升,相较于对比模型在噪声和少样本设置下的响应质量均有明显改善,验证了方法的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能客服、虚拟助手和社交机器人等。通过提升知识驱动对话系统的鲁棒性,可以更好地应对真实世界中的各种噪声,从而提高用户体验和系统的实用性。未来,该方法有望在更广泛的对话系统中推广应用,推动自然语言处理技术的发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

Knowledge-grounded dialogue (KGD) learns to generate an informative response based on a given dialogue context and external knowledge (\emph{e.g.}, knowledge graphs; KGs). Recently, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) and pre-training techniques has brought great success to knowledge-grounded dialogue. However, when building KGD systems in real applications, there are various real-world noises that are inevitable to face. For example, the dialogue context might involve perturbations such as misspellings and abbreviations. In addition, KGs typically suffer from incompletion and also might contain erroneous and outdated facts. Such real-world noises pose a challenge to the robustness of KGD systems and hinder their applications in the real world. In this paper, we propose an entity-based contrastive learning framework for improving the robustness of KGD. Specifically, we make use of the entity information in a KGD sample to create both its positive and negative samples which involve semantic-irrelevant and semantic-relevant perturbations, respectively. The contrastive learning framework ensures the KGD model is aware of these two types of perturbations, thus generating informative responses with the potentially noisy inputs in real applications. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets show that our method achieves new state-of-the-art performance in terms of automatic evaluation scores, verifying its effectiveness and potentiality. Furthermore, we show that our method can generate better responses than comparison models in both the noisy and the few-shot settings.