Chain-of-Note: Enhancing Robustness in Retrieval-Augmented Language Models

📄 arXiv: 2311.09210v2 📥 PDF

作者: Wenhao Yu, Hongming Zhang, Xiaoman Pan, Kaixin Ma, Hongwei Wang, Dong Yu

分类: cs.CL, cs.AI

发布日期: 2023-11-15 (更新: 2024-10-03)

备注: EMNLP 2024 (main conference)


💡 一句话要点

提出Chain-of-Noting以解决检索增强语言模型的鲁棒性问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 检索增强语言模型 鲁棒性 顺序阅读笔记 知识整合 问答系统

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的检索增强语言模型在处理无关信息时,容易导致误导性回答,且难以判断自身知识的充分性。
  2. 本文提出的Chain-of-Noting方法,通过生成顺序阅读笔记,帮助模型评估检索文档的相关性,从而提高回答的准确性。
  3. 实验结果显示,配备CoN的模型在处理完全噪声的检索文档时,EM得分平均提升7.9,实时问题的拒绝率提升10.5。

📝 摘要(中文)

检索增强语言模型(RALMs)在利用外部知识源减少事实幻觉方面取得了显著进展。然而,检索到的信息的可靠性并不总是得到保证,相关数据的检索可能导致误导性响应,甚至使模型忽视其固有知识。为应对这些挑战,本文提出了Chain-of-Noting(CoN),旨在提高RALMs在面对噪声和无关文档时的鲁棒性。CoN的核心思想是为检索文档生成顺序阅读笔记,从而全面评估其与问题的相关性,并整合这些信息以形成最终答案。实验结果表明,配备CoN的RALMs在多个开放领域问答基准上显著优于标准RALMs。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文要解决的问题是现有检索增强语言模型在面对噪声和无关文档时的鲁棒性不足,导致误导性回答和知识判断困难。

核心思路:论文的核心思路是通过生成顺序阅读笔记,帮助模型更好地评估检索文档的相关性,并整合这些信息来形成最终答案。这样的设计旨在提升模型在不确定情况下的表现。

技术框架:整体架构包括检索模块、阅读笔记生成模块和答案整合模块。首先,模型从外部知识库中检索相关文档;然后,生成顺序阅读笔记以评估文档的相关性;最后,整合信息并生成最终答案。

关键创新:最重要的技术创新点在于引入顺序阅读笔记的概念,使得模型能够系统性地评估和整合检索信息,与现有方法相比,显著提高了模型的鲁棒性和准确性。

关键设计:在训练过程中,使用ChatGPT生成训练数据,并在LLaMa-2 7B模型上进行训练。关键参数设置和损失函数的选择经过精心设计,以确保模型在处理噪声文档时的有效性。

🖼️ 关键图片

fig_0
fig_1
fig_2

📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,配备Chain-of-Noting的检索增强语言模型在完全噪声的检索文档上,EM得分平均提升7.9,且在实时问题的拒绝率上提升10.5,显著优于标准模型,展示了其在处理复杂问答场景中的优势。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能问答系统、信息检索和知识管理等。通过提高模型在面对不确定性时的鲁棒性,能够显著提升用户体验和信息获取的准确性,未来可能在多个行业中发挥重要作用。

📄 摘要(原文)

Retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs) represent a substantial advancement in the capabilities of large language models, notably in reducing factual hallucination by leveraging external knowledge sources. However, the reliability of the retrieved information is not always guaranteed. The retrieval of irrelevant data can lead to misguided responses, and potentially causing the model to overlook its inherent knowledge, even when it possesses adequate information to address the query. Moreover, standard RALMs often struggle to assess whether they possess adequate knowledge, both intrinsic and retrieved, to provide an accurate answer. In situations where knowledge is lacking, these systems should ideally respond with "unknown" when the answer is unattainable. In response to these challenges, we introduces Chain-of-Noting (CoN), a novel approach aimed at improving the robustness of RALMs in facing noisy, irrelevant documents and in handling unknown scenarios. The core idea of CoN is to generate sequential reading notes for retrieved documents, enabling a thorough evaluation of their relevance to the given question and integrating this information to formulate the final answer. We employed ChatGPT to create training data for CoN, which was subsequently trained on an LLaMa-2 7B model. Our experiments across four open-domain QA benchmarks show that RALMs equipped with CoN significantly outperform standard RALMs. Notably, CoN achieves an average improvement of +7.9 in EM score given entirely noisy retrieved documents and +10.5 in rejection rates for real-time questions that fall outside the pre-training knowledge scope.