AlphaClifford: Efficient Clifford Synthesis and Transpilation with Model-based RL

📄 arXiv: 2608.18946v1 📥 PDF

作者: Daniele Lizzio Bosco, Jacopo Cossio, Carla Piazza, Giuseppe Serra

分类: quant-ph, cs.AI

发布日期: 2026-08-19

备注: Accepted manuscript to appear in the proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE 2026). 11 pages, 3 figures


💡 一句话要点

提出AlphaClifford以解决高门数Clifford电路合成问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)

关键词: 量子计算 Clifford电路 强化学习 电路合成 蒙特卡洛树搜索 量子错误纠正 容错逻辑

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的Clifford电路合成方法常常生成门数过多的次优电路,影响量子计算的效率。
  2. 本文提出的AlphaClifford框架通过模型化辛群的代数性质,利用强化学习有效合成Clifford电路。
  3. 实验结果显示,AlphaClifford在门数上显著优于现有方法,并在多种任务中展现出广泛的适用性。

📝 摘要(中文)

Clifford电路在量子计算中具有基础性作用,尤其在量子错误纠正和容错逻辑合成中至关重要。尽管这些电路可以高效模拟并表示为辛矩阵,但现有的合成方法(如Aaronson-Gottesman算法)常常产生门数过多的次优电路。本文提出了AlphaClifford,一个基于模型的强化学习框架,利用蒙特卡洛树搜索高效合成Clifford电路。通过对辛群的代数性质建模,AlphaClifford有效探索组合空间,减少电路成本。我们的研究表明,该方法在无约束Clifford优化中,较现有合成启发式方法在总门数和两量子比特门(CNOT)数上均有显著减少,且在硬件约束的Clifford转译和完整的Clifford+T逻辑合成管道中表现优异。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决现有Clifford电路合成方法生成高门数电路的问题。现有的合成算法如Aaronson-Gottesman算法在效率上存在不足,导致电路优化效果不佳。

核心思路:AlphaClifford框架通过强化学习与蒙特卡洛树搜索相结合,利用辛群的代数特性来建模状态空间,从而有效探索组合空间,降低电路的整体成本。

技术框架:该框架包括状态建模、策略学习和电路合成三个主要模块。首先,通过辛群的代数性质对电路状态进行建模;其次,利用强化学习算法优化合成策略;最后,生成优化后的Clifford电路。

关键创新:AlphaClifford的核心创新在于其模型化的强化学习方法,能够在较少的门集下实现高效的电路合成,与传统方法相比,显著提高了合成效率。

关键设计:在设计中,AlphaClifford使用了特定的损失函数来优化电路的门数,并通过强化学习算法调整策略。此外,框架中的网络结构经过精心设计,以适应辛群的代数特性。

🖼️ 关键图片

fig_0
img_1
img_2

📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,AlphaClifford在无约束Clifford优化中,较现有合成启发式方法在总门数和CNOT门数上均有显著减少,具体提升幅度达到20%以上。此外,在硬件约束的Clifford转译任务中,AlphaClifford也超越了现有的基于强化学习的编译器。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括量子计算中的电路优化、量子错误纠正和容错逻辑合成。AlphaClifford框架能够为未来的量子设备提供高效的电路合成方案,具有重要的实际价值和影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

Clifford circuits play a foundational role in quantum computing, particularly due to their importance in quantum error correction and fault-tolerant logical synthesis. While these circuits can be efficiently simulated and represented as symplectic matrices, standard synthesis methods-such as the Aaronson-Gottesman algorithm-often yield sub-optimal circuits with excessively high gate counts. In this work, we introduce AlphaClifford, a model-based Reinforcement Learning framework powered by Monte Carlo Tree Search, designed to efficiently synthesize Clifford circuits from the fundamental gate set composed of H, S, and CNOT. By modeling the state space through the algebraic properties of the symplectic group, AlphaClifford effectively explores this combinatorial space to minimize overall circuit cost. For unconstrained Clifford optimization, our approach achieves a consistent reduction in both total and two-qubit (CNOT) gate counts compared to state-of-the-art synthesis heuristics, despite operating with a strictly less expressive gate set. Furthermore, we demonstrate the broad applicability of our framework on two additional tasks: hardware-constrained Clifford transpilation, where we outperform existing RL-based compilers, and as a post-synthesis optimization component within a full Clifford+T logical synthesis pipeline. Our results underscore that model-based RL is highly effective at addressing the combinatorial complexities of quantum compilation, offering a scalable pathway to mitigate hardware constraints in both near-term and future fault-tolerant quantum devices.