Novel Approaches to Artificial Intelligence Development Based on the Nearest Neighbor Method

📄 arXiv: 2508.18953v1 📥 PDF

作者: I. I. Priezzhev, D. A. Danko, A. V. Shubin

分类: cs.AI

发布日期: 2025-08-26

备注: 18 pages, 6 figures. Novel hierarchical neural networks based on k-nearest neighbors method for addressing hallucination effects, training complexity, and catastrophic forgetting in modern AI systems. Includes mathematical formulations using Kohonen self-organizing maps and experimental validation on MNIST handwritten digit recognition and machine translation tasks


💡 一句话要点

基于最近邻方法提出新型人工智能开发方案以解决神经网络局限性

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 最近邻方法 层次聚类 人工智能 可解释性 计算复杂度 幻觉效应 模型微调

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有神经网络方法存在幻觉效应、高计算复杂度和灾难性遗忘等问题,限制了其在关键领域的应用。
  2. 本文提出基于最近邻方法的替代方案,通过k最近邻算法减少幻觉效应,并简化模型扩展和微调过程。
  3. 实验结果表明,该方法在手写数字识别和字幕翻译任务中,搜索时间减少数百倍,且准确率仅轻微下降。

📝 摘要(中文)

现代神经网络技术在各类人工智能应用中取得了显著成功,但仍面临幻觉效应、高计算复杂度、昂贵的微调成本和灾难性遗忘等基本限制。这些限制严重阻碍了神经网络在医学、工业过程管理和科学研究等关键领域的应用。本文提出了一种基于最近邻方法和层次聚类结构的替代方案,采用k最近邻算法显著减少或完全消除幻觉效应,同时简化模型扩展和微调,无需重新训练整个网络。为克服k最近邻方法的高计算负载,论文提出使用基于Kohonen自组织映射的树状数据结构,从而大幅加速最近邻搜索。对手写数字识别和简单字幕翻译任务的测试验证了该方法的有效性,最近邻搜索时间相比穷举搜索方法减少了数百倍,且仅有轻微的准确率下降。该方法具有透明性和可解释性,紧密贴合人类认知机制,展示了在需要高可靠性和可解释结果的任务中广泛应用的潜力。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决现有神经网络在应用中面临的幻觉效应、高计算复杂度和灾难性遗忘等问题,这些问题限制了其在医学和工业等关键领域的有效应用。

核心思路:论文提出了一种基于最近邻方法的替代方案,利用k最近邻算法来减少幻觉效应,并通过层次聚类结构简化模型的扩展和微调过程,避免了重新训练整个网络的需求。

技术框架:整体架构包括数据预处理、层次聚类构建、k最近邻搜索和结果解释四个主要模块。首先对数据进行预处理,然后构建层次聚类结构,接着使用k最近邻算法进行快速搜索,最后提供可解释的结果。

关键创新:最重要的技术创新在于结合了k最近邻算法与Kohonen自组织映射的树状数据结构,大幅提高了最近邻搜索的效率,并有效减少了幻觉效应。与传统神经网络方法相比,该方法在计算复杂度和可解释性上具有显著优势。

关键设计:在参数设置上,采用了适当的k值以平衡准确性和计算效率,损失函数设计上注重减少幻觉效应,网络结构则通过层次聚类和自组织映射实现高效的数据组织和快速检索。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,采用该方法的最近邻搜索时间相比传统穷举搜索方法减少了数百倍,且在手写数字识别和字幕翻译任务中仅有轻微的准确率下降。这一显著提升展示了该方法在实际应用中的潜力。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括医学影像分析、工业过程监控和科学研究等需要高可靠性和可解释性的任务。通过减少计算复杂度和提高模型透明度,该方法能够为实际应用提供更为可靠的支持,促进人工智能在关键领域的广泛应用。

📄 摘要(原文)

Modern neural network technologies, including large language models, have achieved remarkable success in various applied artificial intelligence applications, however, they face a range of fundamental limitations. Among them are hallucination effects, high computational complexity of training and inference, costly fine-tuning, and catastrophic forgetting issues. These limitations significantly hinder the use of neural networks in critical areas such as medicine, industrial process management, and scientific research. This article proposes an alternative approach based on the nearest neighbors method with hierarchical clustering structures. Employing the k-nearest neighbors algorithm significantly reduces or completely eliminates hallucination effects while simplifying model expansion and fine-tuning without the need for retraining the entire network. To overcome the high computational load of the k-nearest neighbors method, the paper proposes using tree-like data structures based on Kohonen self-organizing maps, thereby greatly accelerating nearest neighbor searches. Tests conducted on handwritten digit recognition and simple subtitle translation tasks confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach. With only a slight reduction in accuracy, the nearest neighbor search time was reduced hundreds of times compared to exhaustive search methods. The proposed method features transparency and interpretability, closely aligns with human cognitive mechanisms, and demonstrates potential for extensive use in tasks requiring high reliability and explainable results.