A Comparative Study of Neurosymbolic AI Approaches to Interpretable Logical Reasoning

📄 arXiv: 2508.03366v1 📥 PDF

作者: Michael K. Chen

分类: cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.LG, cs.SC

发布日期: 2025-08-05

备注: Accepted to NeSy 2025


💡 一句话要点

比较神经符号AI方法以提升逻辑推理能力

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 神经符号AI 逻辑推理 大型语言模型 可解释性 集成方法 混合方法 智能问答 自动推理

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有大型语言模型在领域无关的逻辑推理上表现不足,缺乏确定性和可解释性。
  2. 提出了两种神经符号AI方法,分别是集成方法和混合方法,以提升逻辑推理能力。
  3. 通过对比分析,混合方法在可解释性和保留LLMs能力方面表现更佳,具有更大的发展潜力。

📝 摘要(中文)

一般逻辑推理,即在领域无关任务上进行演绎推理的能力,仍然是大型语言模型(LLMs)面临的挑战。当前的LLMs无法进行确定性推理且缺乏可解释性,因此最近对神经符号AI的兴趣激增。本文识别了两种主要的神经符号方法:一是集成方法,符号推理嵌入神经网络中;二是混合方法,符号求解器独立于神经网络进行推理。通过对Logic Neural Network(LNN)和LLM-Symbolic Solver(LLM-SS)的分析,发现混合方法在发展一般逻辑推理方面更具前景,因为其推理链更具可解释性,并保留了现有LLMs的能力。为支持未来的混合方法研究,提出了一个通用框架,具有模块化、模型无关和领域无关的特点,且几乎不需要人类输入。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决大型语言模型在领域无关逻辑推理中的不足,尤其是缺乏确定性和可解释性的问题。现有方法在这方面的研究相对较少,缺乏有效的比较与分析。

核心思路:论文提出通过比较集成方法和混合方法来提升逻辑推理能力。集成方法将符号推理嵌入神经网络,而混合方法则使用独立的符号求解器进行推理。混合方法因其更高的可解释性和保留LLMs的优势而被认为更具前景。

技术框架:整体架构包括两个主要模型:Logic Neural Network(LNN)和LLM-Symbolic Solver(LLM-SS)。LNN采用集成方法,而LLM-SS则采用混合方法。分析过程中,重点关注这两种方法在领域无关基准上的表现。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于对比分析了两种不同的神经符号AI方法,明确指出混合方法在逻辑推理中的优势,尤其是在可解释性和保留现有LLMs能力方面的表现。

关键设计:在模型设计中,LLM-SS采用模块化设计,支持不同模型的集成,且在推理过程中几乎不需要人类输入,确保了其通用性和灵活性。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,混合方法在领域无关逻辑推理基准上表现优于集成方法,推理链的可解释性显著提高,同时保留了大型语言模型的优势。具体性能数据尚未披露,需进一步研究。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能问答系统、自动推理工具和复杂决策支持系统。通过提升逻辑推理能力,能够在更广泛的领域中实现更高效的智能交互和决策支持,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

General logical reasoning, defined as the ability to reason deductively on domain-agnostic tasks, continues to be a challenge for large language models (LLMs). Current LLMs fail to reason deterministically and are not interpretable. As such, there has been a recent surge in interest in neurosymbolic AI, which attempts to incorporate logic into neural networks. We first identify two main neurosymbolic approaches to improving logical reasoning: (i) the integrative approach comprising models where symbolic reasoning is contained within the neural network, and (ii) the hybrid approach comprising models where a symbolic solver, separate from the neural network, performs symbolic reasoning. Both contain AI systems with promising results on domain-specific logical reasoning benchmarks. However, their performance on domain-agnostic benchmarks is understudied. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been a comparison of the contrasting approaches that answers the following question: Which approach is more promising for developing general logical reasoning? To analyze their potential, the following best-in-class domain-agnostic models are introduced: Logic Neural Network (LNN), which uses the integrative approach, and LLM-Symbolic Solver (LLM-SS), which uses the hybrid approach. Using both models as case studies and representatives of each approach, our analysis demonstrates that the hybrid approach is more promising for developing general logical reasoning because (i) its reasoning chain is more interpretable, and (ii) it retains the capabilities and advantages of existing LLMs. To support future works using the hybrid approach, we propose a generalizable framework based on LLM-SS that is modular by design, model-agnostic, domain-agnostic, and requires little to no human input.