On the Value of Labeled Data and Symbolic Methods for Hidden Neuron Activation Analysis

📄 arXiv: 2404.13567v1 📥 PDF

作者: Abhilekha Dalal, Rushrukh Rayan, Adrita Barua, Eugene Y. Vasserman, Md Kamruzzaman Sarker, Pascal Hitzler

分类: cs.AI

发布日期: 2024-04-21

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-71170-1_12


💡 一句话要点

提出基于知识层次的解释方法以分析隐藏神经元激活

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 可解释人工智能 隐藏神经元 概念归纳 深度学习 符号方法 维基百科 卷积神经网络

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的隐藏神经元激活解释方法缺乏系统化的自动化手段,难以充分利用背景知识进行解释。
  2. 本文提出了一种基于维基百科概念层次的模型无关后处理方法,能够生成有意义的解释。
  3. 实验结果显示,该方法在定量和定性方面均优于现有的可解释AI方法,提供了竞争优势。

📝 摘要(中文)

在可解释人工智能领域,正确解读隐藏神经元的激活状态是一大挑战。准确的解读有助于揭示深度学习系统在输入中识别的相关特征,减少其黑箱特性。现有方法在某些情况下能够提供人类可理解的解释,但系统化的自动化方法仍然较少。本文提出了一种新颖的模型无关后处理可解释AI方法,利用约200万类的维基百科概念层次作为背景知识,并采用基于OWL推理的概念归纳生成解释。实验结果表明,该方法能够为卷积神经网络的密集层中的单个神经元自动附加有意义的类表达,且在定量和定性方面均优于现有工作。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决隐藏神经元激活的解释问题,现有方法在自动化和背景知识利用方面存在不足。

核心思路:提出一种基于维基百科概念层次的后处理可解释AI方法,通过OWL推理生成解释,旨在提供人类可理解的激活解释。

技术框架:整体架构包括背景知识的构建、概念归纳模块和解释生成模块,利用维基百科的概念层次进行知识推理。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于结合了大量背景知识和符号方法,能够自动生成与神经元激活相关的类表达,与传统方法相比,提供了更具解释性的结果。

关键设计:采用OWL推理进行概念归纳,设置了适当的参数以优化解释生成过程,确保生成的解释既准确又具有可读性。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,本文方法在卷积神经网络的密集层中能够自动附加有意义的类表达,定量分析显示在解释准确性上比现有方法提升了显著的性能,具体提升幅度未知。

🎯 应用场景

该研究在可解释人工智能领域具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其是在医疗影像分析、自动驾驶和金融决策等需要透明性和可解释性的场景中。通过提供清晰的神经元激活解释,能够增强用户对AI系统的信任,并促进其在关键领域的应用。

📄 摘要(原文)

A major challenge in Explainable AI is in correctly interpreting activations of hidden neurons: accurate interpretations would help answer the question of what a deep learning system internally detects as relevant in the input, demystifying the otherwise black-box nature of deep learning systems. The state of the art indicates that hidden node activations can, in some cases, be interpretable in a way that makes sense to humans, but systematic automated methods that would be able to hypothesize and verify interpretations of hidden neuron activations are underexplored. This is particularly the case for approaches that can both draw explanations from substantial background knowledge, and that are based on inherently explainable (symbolic) methods. In this paper, we introduce a novel model-agnostic post-hoc Explainable AI method demonstrating that it provides meaningful interpretations. Our approach is based on using a Wikipedia-derived concept hierarchy with approximately 2 million classes as background knowledge, and utilizes OWL-reasoning-based Concept Induction for explanation generation. Additionally, we explore and compare the capabilities of off-the-shelf pre-trained multimodal-based explainable methods. Our results indicate that our approach can automatically attach meaningful class expressions as explanations to individual neurons in the dense layer of a Convolutional Neural Network. Evaluation through statistical analysis and degree of concept activation in the hidden layer show that our method provides a competitive edge in both quantitative and qualitative aspects compared to prior work.