Automatic Authorities: Power and AI
作者: Seth Lazar
分类: cs.CY, cs.AI
发布日期: 2024-04-09
💡 一句话要点
探讨AI与权力关系以应对自动化系统的社会影响
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九：具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 人工智能 权力关系 自动化系统 社会影响 伦理审查 政策制定 程序合法性
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法主要关注如何使AI系统有益或公平，缺乏对新权力关系的深入分析。
- 论文提出通过批判性分析权力关系，探讨权力的正当性及其行使方式，提供哲学材料以应对新兴问题。
- 研究强调权力的正当性不仅依赖于其目的，还需考虑权力的使用方式和施权者的合法性。
📝 摘要（中文）
随着人工智能的快速发展及一些历史上最强大公司的崛起，自动化系统对人们的权力行使日益增强。机器学习等技术已成为政府服务的基础，影响着投票、疫苗接种等重要决策。本文提出了对新权力关系的批判性分析，强调权力的正当性不仅需满足实质性标准，还需符合适当的权威和程序合法性。通过明确权力的概念，探讨AI如何增强权力行使，并提出解决方案，旨在为理解和应对这些新兴权力关系提供哲学基础。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义：本文旨在解决自动化系统对社会权力行使的影响，现有研究多集中于AI的公平性，忽视了权力关系的复杂性与重要性。
核心思路：论文通过对权力概念的深入探讨，分析AI如何加剧权力行使，并提出权力正当性需要满足实质性和程序性标准的观点。
技术框架：研究框架包括对权力的定义、AI在权力行使中的作用分析，以及对权力正当性标准的探讨，形成一个系统的理论模型。
关键创新：论文的创新在于将权力的正当性与AI的应用结合，提出了权力行使的多维度分析框架，强调了程序合法性的重要性。
关键设计：在分析过程中，论文采用了哲学分析的方法，结合案例研究，探讨了权力的不同维度及其在AI系统中的体现。
📊 实验亮点
论文通过对权力行使的分析，提出了权力正当性的新标准，强调程序合法性的重要性，为未来AI系统的设计与应用提供了新的视角。具体的案例分析显示，权力的行使不仅影响决策，还深刻影响社会结构。
🎯 应用场景
该研究为理解AI在社会中的权力动态提供了理论基础，适用于政策制定、伦理审查及AI系统设计等领域。通过明确权力的正当性标准，可以促进更负责任的AI应用，确保技术发展与社会价值的协调。
📄 摘要（原文）
As rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence and the rise of some of history's most potent corporations meet the diminished neoliberal state, people are increasingly subject to power exercised by means of automated systems. Machine learning and related computational technologies now underpin vital government services. They connect consumers and producers in new algorithmic markets. They determine how we find out about everything from how to vote to where to get vaccinated, and whose speech is amplified, reduced, or restricted. And a new wave of products based on Large Language Models (LLMs) will further transform our economic and political lives. Automatic Authorities are automated computational systems used to exercise power over us by determining what we may know, what we may have, and what our options will be. In response to their rise, scholars working on the societal impacts of AI and related technologies have advocated shifting attention from how to make AI systems beneficial or fair towards a critical analysis of these new power relations. But power is everywhere, and is not necessarily bad. On what basis should we object to new or intensified power relations, and what can be done to justify them? This paper introduces the philosophical materials with which to formulate these questions, and offers preliminary answers. It starts by pinning down the concept of power, focusing on the ability that some agents have to shape others' lives. It then explores how AI enables and intensifies the exercise of power so understood, and sketches three problems with power and three ways to solve those problems. It emphasises, in particular, that justifying power requires more than satisfying substantive justificatory criteria; standards of proper authority and procedural legitimacy must also be met. We need to know not only what power may be used for, but how it may be used, and by whom.