Sphere Neural-Networks for Rational Reasoning

📄 arXiv: 2403.15297v4 📥 PDF

作者: Tiansi Dong, Mateja Jamnik, Pietro Liò

分类: cs.AI

发布日期: 2024-03-22 (更新: 2025-02-25)


💡 一句话要点

提出球面神经网络以解决理性推理问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 球面神经网络 理性推理 长链推理 神经符号计算 人工智能 复杂决策 心理学研究

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有大型语言模型在推理能力上存在不确定性,难以超越统计范式实现高层次认知。
  2. 论文提出球面神经网络(SphNNs),通过将传统神经网络的构建块从向量扩展到球面,实现人类般的推理能力。
  3. SphNN在一个周期内能够判断长链三段论的有效性,且计算复杂度为O(N),显示出显著的推理能力提升。

📝 摘要(中文)

大型语言模型(LLMs)如ChatGPT的成功引发了对其推理能力的广泛关注,但其是否真正具备推理能力仍不明确。本文提出了一种新的定性扩展方法,通过将计算构建块从向量推广到球面,提出了球面神经网络(SphNNs),用于人类般的推理。SphNN能够在没有训练数据的情况下,在一个周期内判断长链三段论的有效性,计算复杂度为O(N)。该模型可扩展至多种推理类型,推动了确定性神经推理的发展。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决现有大型语言模型在推理能力上的不足,尤其是其在长链推理中的有效性和可靠性。现有方法往往依赖于统计学习,难以实现高层次的理性推理。

核心思路:论文提出的核心思路是通过将计算构建块从向量推广到球面,构建球面神经网络(SphNNs),以实现更复杂的推理能力。这种设计旨在突破传统神经网络的限制,使其能够进行更高层次的认知。

技术框架:SphNN的整体架构为分层的神经符号Kolmogorov-Arnold几何图神经网络,利用邻域空间关系的神经符号转移图,将当前球面配置转变为目标配置。主要模块包括球面配置、推理过程和结果验证。

关键创新:SphNN是首个能够在没有训练数据的情况下判断长链三段论有效性的神经模型,其计算复杂度为O(N),这一点与现有方法形成鲜明对比。

关键设计:在设计中,SphNN采用了特定的参数设置和损失函数,以确保模型在推理过程中的稳定性和准确性,网络结构则基于球面几何特性进行优化。

📊 实验亮点

SphNN在长链三段论推理中表现出色,能够在一个周期内判断有效性,且计算复杂度为O(N)。这一性能显著优于传统神经网络,展示了其在推理能力上的提升,预示着其在更复杂推理任务中的应用潜力。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能助手、教育系统和心理学研究等。通过实现更高层次的理性推理,SphNN可以提升人工智能在复杂决策和人机交互中的表现,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs), e.g., ChatGPT, is witnessed by their planetary popularity, their capability of human-like communication, and also by their steadily improved reasoning performance. However, it remains unclear whether LLMs reason. It is an open problem how traditional neural networks can be qualitatively extended to go beyond the statistic paradigm and achieve high-level cognition. Here, we present a novel qualitative extension by generalising computational building blocks from vectors to spheres. We propose Sphere Neural Networks (SphNNs) for human-like reasoning through model construction and inspection, and develop SphNN for syllogistic reasoning, a microcosm of human rationality. SphNN is a hierarchical neuro-symbolic Kolmogorov-Arnold geometric GNN, and uses a neuro-symbolic transition map of neighbourhood spatial relations to transform the current sphere configuration towards the target. SphNN is the first neural model that can determine the validity of long-chained syllogistic reasoning in one epoch without training data, with the worst computational complexity of O(N). SphNN can evolve into various types of reasoning, such as spatio-temporal reasoning, logical reasoning with negation and disjunction, event reasoning, neuro-symbolic unification, and humour understanding (the highest level of cognition). All these suggest a new kind of Herbert A. Simon's scissors with two neural blades. SphNNs will tremendously enhance interdisciplinary collaborations to develop the two neural blades and realise deterministic neural reasoning and human-bounded rationality and elevate LLMs to reliable psychological AI. This work suggests that the non-zero radii of spheres are the missing components that prevent traditional deep-learning systems from reaching the realm of rational reasoning and cause LLMs to be trapped in the swamp of hallucination.