IsolateGPT: An Execution Isolation Architecture for LLM-Based Agentic Systems

📄 arXiv: 2403.04960v2 📥 PDF

作者: Yuhao Wu, Franziska Roesner, Tadayoshi Kohno, Ning Zhang, Umar Iqbal

分类: cs.CR, cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.CY, cs.LG

发布日期: 2024-03-08 (更新: 2025-01-30)

备注: Accepted by the Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2025

期刊: The Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2025


💡 一句话要点

提出IsolateGPT以解决LLM应用的执行隔离问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 执行隔离 大型语言模型 安全性 隐私保护 自然语言处理 第三方应用 系统架构

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的LLM应用缺乏足够的隔离,导致用户面临安全和隐私风险,尤其是第三方应用的可信度不高。
  2. 论文提出IsolateGPT架构,通过执行隔离来增强LLM系统的安全性,确保应用间的交互不会影响系统整体安全。
  3. 实验结果表明,IsolateGPT能够有效抵御多种攻击,且性能开销在可接受范围内,提升了系统的安全性和隐私保护。

📝 摘要(中文)

大型语言模型(LLMs)如ChatGPT已开始支持第三方应用,但由于自然语言接口的模糊性和应用间缺乏隔离,用户面临安全和隐私风险。本文评估通过执行隔离是否能解决这些问题,并提出IsolateGPT架构,展示其可行性。IsolateGPT在不损失功能的情况下,能够有效防护多种安全、隐私和安全性问题,且对三分之四的测试查询性能开销低于30%。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决LLM应用中由于缺乏执行隔离而导致的安全和隐私风险。现有方法在自然语言交互中存在模糊性,容易被恶意利用。

核心思路:IsolateGPT通过设计执行隔离架构,确保不同应用和系统组件之间的交互不会相互影响,从而提升安全性和隐私保护。

技术框架:IsolateGPT的整体架构包括多个模块,主要包括应用隔离层、数据访问控制和交互监控机制,确保每个组件的独立性和安全性。

关键创新:IsolateGPT的主要创新在于实现了有效的执行隔离机制,能够在不影响功能的前提下,保护用户数据和系统安全。这一设计与现有方法的根本区别在于其对应用间交互的严格控制。

关键设计:在设计中,IsolateGPT采用了细粒度的权限管理和动态监控机制,确保每个应用的行为都在可控范围内,避免潜在的安全漏洞。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,IsolateGPT在面对多种攻击时表现出色,能够有效防护安全、隐私和安全性问题。对于三分之四的测试查询,其性能开销低于30%,证明了其在提升安全性的同时,保持了良好的系统性能。

🎯 应用场景

IsolateGPT的研究成果具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其是在需要高安全性和隐私保护的领域,如金融服务、医疗健康和智能家居等。通过提供安全的LLM应用环境,用户可以更放心地使用各种基于自然语言的服务,推动智能系统的普及与发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

Large language models (LLMs) extended as systems, such as ChatGPT, have begun supporting third-party applications. These LLM apps leverage the de facto natural language-based automated execution paradigm of LLMs: that is, apps and their interactions are defined in natural language, provided access to user data, and allowed to freely interact with each other and the system. These LLM app ecosystems resemble the settings of earlier computing platforms, where there was insufficient isolation between apps and the system. Because third-party apps may not be trustworthy, and exacerbated by the imprecision of natural language interfaces, the current designs pose security and privacy risks for users. In this paper, we evaluate whether these issues can be addressed through execution isolation and what that isolation might look like in the context of LLM-based systems, where there are arbitrary natural language-based interactions between system components, between LLM and apps, and between apps. To that end, we propose IsolateGPT, a design architecture that demonstrates the feasibility of execution isolation and provides a blueprint for implementing isolation, in LLM-based systems. We evaluate IsolateGPT against a number of attacks and demonstrate that it protects against many security, privacy, and safety issues that exist in non-isolated LLM-based systems, without any loss of functionality. The performance overhead incurred by IsolateGPT to improve security is under 30% for three-quarters of tested queries.