Unveiling Hidden Links Between Unseen Security Entities
作者: Daniel Alfasi, Tal Shapira, Anat Bremler Barr
分类: cs.CR, cs.AI
发布日期: 2024-03-04
💡 一句话要点
提出VulnScopper以解决软件漏洞分析效率低下问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 软件漏洞 知识图谱 自然语言处理 多模态学习 自动化分析 安全数据库 链接预测
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法在软件漏洞分析中效率低下,手动处理耗时且易出错,难以应对快速增长的漏洞数量。
- VulnScopper结合知识图谱和自然语言处理,通过多模态表示学习实现自动化分析,提升了漏洞识别的准确性和效率。
- 在NVD和Red Hat CVE数据库的实验中,VulnScopper在链接预测准确性上显著优于现有方法,提升幅度达到11.7%。
📝 摘要(中文)
随着软件漏洞的不断增加,安全数据库和分析人员面临着及时识别、分类和修复漏洞的重大挑战。传统的手动分析方法耗时且容易出错。本文提出了VulnScopper,这是一种创新的方法,利用多模态表示学习,结合知识图谱和自然语言处理,自动化并增强软件漏洞的分析。VulnScopper基于ULTRA知识图谱基础模型和大型语言模型,能够有效处理未见实体,克服了以往知识图谱方法的局限性。实验结果表明,VulnScopper在链接CVEs、CWEs和CPEs的准确性上显著提高,达到了78%的Hits@10准确率,并在基于Red Hat数据库的CWE标签预测中比大型语言模型提升了11.7%。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决软件漏洞分析中的效率低下问题。现有方法主要依赖手动分析,面对不断增加的漏洞数量,难以快速、准确地进行识别和分类。
核心思路:VulnScopper通过结合知识图谱和自然语言处理,利用多模态表示学习来自动化漏洞分析,特别是在处理未见实体方面表现出色。
技术框架:VulnScopper的整体架构包括知识图谱基础模型ULTRA和大型语言模型LLM,两个模块协同工作以提升链接预测的准确性。
关键创新:VulnScopper的核心创新在于其多模态学习能力,能够有效处理未见实体,克服了传统知识图谱方法的局限性,显著提升了分析效率。
关键设计:在模型设计上,VulnScopper采用了特定的损失函数和网络结构,以优化链接预测任务的性能,确保在处理复杂数据时的稳定性和准确性。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
VulnScopper在链接CVEs到CPEs和CWEs的准确性上达到了78%的Hits@10,较现有大型语言模型提升了11.7%。此外,基于NVD的数据分析显示,只有6.37%的链接CPEs在前30天内被发布,强调了该模型在快速响应漏洞管理中的重要性。
🎯 应用场景
VulnScopper的研究成果在软件安全领域具有广泛的应用潜力,能够帮助安全分析人员快速识别和修复漏洞,尤其是在关键和高风险漏洞的管理上。未来,该方法可扩展至更多安全数据库和漏洞管理系统,提升整体安全性。
📄 摘要(原文)
The proliferation of software vulnerabilities poses a significant challenge for security databases and analysts tasked with their timely identification, classification, and remediation. With the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) reporting an ever-increasing number of vulnerabilities, the traditional manual analysis becomes untenably time-consuming and prone to errors. This paper introduces VulnScopper, an innovative approach that utilizes multi-modal representation learning, combining Knowledge Graphs (KG) and Natural Language Processing (NLP), to automate and enhance the analysis of software vulnerabilities. Leveraging ULTRA, a knowledge graph foundation model, combined with a Large Language Model (LLM), VulnScopper effectively handles unseen entities, overcoming the limitations of previous KG approaches. We evaluate VulnScopper on two major security datasets, the NVD and the Red Hat CVE database. Our method significantly improves the link prediction accuracy between Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), Common Weakness Enumeration (CWEs), and Common Platform Enumerations (CPEs). Our results show that VulnScopper outperforms existing methods, achieving up to 78% Hits@10 accuracy in linking CVEs to CPEs and CWEs and presenting an 11.7% improvement over large language models in predicting CWE labels based on the Red Hat database. Based on the NVD, only 6.37% of the linked CPEs are being published during the first 30 days; many of them are related to critical and high-risk vulnerabilities which, according to multiple compliance frameworks (such as CISA and PCI), should be remediated within 15-30 days. Our model can uncover new products linked to vulnerabilities, reducing remediation time and improving vulnerability management. We analyzed several CVEs from 2023 to showcase this ability.